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One of the most important social developments that helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of public education was the effect of the baby boom of the 1950’s and 1960’s on the schools. In the 1920’s, but especially in the Depression conditions of the 1930’s, the United States experienced a declining birth rate --- every thousand women aged fifteen to forty-four gave birth to about 118 live children in 1920, in 1930, in 1936, and 80 in 1940. With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression. Birth rates rose to 102 per thousand in 1946, in 1950, and 118 in 1955. Although economics was probably the most important determinant, it is not the only explanation for the baby boom. The increased value placed on the idea of the family also helps to explain this rise in birth rates. The baby boomers began streaming into the first grade by the mid 1940’s and became a flood by 1950. The public school system suddenly found itself overtaxed. While the number of schoolchildren rose because of wartime and postwar conditions, these same conditions made the schools even less prepared to cope with the
food. The wartime economy meant that few new schools were built between 1940 and 1945. Moreover, during the war and in the boom times that followed, large numbers of teachers left their profession for better- paying jobs elsewhere in the economy.
Therefore in the 1950’s and 1960’s, the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the “ custodial rhetoric” of the 1930’s and early 1940’s no longer made sense that is, keeping youths aged sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high priority for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children aged five to sixteen. With the baby boom, the focus of educators and of laymen interested in education inevitably turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and discipline. The system no longer had much interest in offering nontraditional, new, and extra services to older youths.
Some people believe that technological developments lead to the loss of traditional cultures. I partly agree with this assertion; while it may be true in the case of some societies, others seem to be unaffected by technology and the modern world.
On the one hand, the advances in technology that have driven industrialisation in developed countries have certainly contributed to the disappearance of traditional ways of life. For example, in pre-industrial Britain, generations of families grew up in the same small village communities. These communities had a strong sense of identity, due to their shared customs and beliefs. However, developments in transport, communications and manufacturing led to the dispersal of families and village communities as people moved to the cities in search of work. Nowadays most British villages are inhabited by commuters, many of whom do not know their closest neighbours.
On the other hand, in some parts of the world traditional cultures still thrive. There are tribes in the Amazon Rainforest, for example, that have been completely untouched by the technological developments of the developed world. These tribal communities continue to hunt and gather food from the forest, and traditional skills are passed on to children by parents and elders. Other traditional cultures, such as farming communities in parts of Africa, are embracing communications technologies. Mobile phones give farmers access to information, from weather predictions to market prices, which helps them to prosper and therefore supports their culture.
In conclusion, many traditional ways of life have been lost as a result of advances in technology, but other traditional communities have survived and even flourished.
In today’s world, the environment has become more crucial than ever, people have started to pay attention to the result of increasing industry and daily waste. However, sometimes people won’t even give a little effort to put a bottle in the recycling bin; instead they just throw it in the trash bin. But what truly causes this problem? In my opinion, there are three reasons for it.
Initially, people are apathetic about it, because sometimes it takes more effort to reduce, reuse, and recycle, and people these days are busy with what they doing on their hand like jobs. Besides there is no obligation for them to do it and also nobody spurs them to do it which exacerbates the issue. Even some people aware that, there raises a new problem that people are willing to recycle the wastes but often it’s not convenient for them to do so. For instance, in my city the recycle station for special material usually built far away from residence and generally people unwilling to put a bunch of trash in their house. But after all, people who passive about it mostly due to that they don’t realize how dire the consequence going to be if they don’t do so accordingly some people are still not motivated are act.
If there is a will, there are 3 ways to help. As a part of society, vote and support politician who would pass laws that protect the environment; as a homeowner, reduce, reuse and recycle should become established habits; as a consumer, it is vital to purchase items make from recycled material whenever u can to sustain the environment. Everybody truly does able to make a difference to the environment.
Globalization is a declarationof war upon all other cultures. And in culture wars, there is no exemption of civilians, there are no innocent bystanders. Why should it be expected that ancient and rooted civilizations are going to accept this a struggle? The answer to that is that globalization carries an implicit promise that it will relieve poverty and offer securityperhaps the most ancient of human dreams. Because of the power of global capitalism to create wealth, it is assumed that this priority must sweep aside all other human preoccupations, including all existing institutions, interpretations and searches for meaning in the world.
It is disingenuous to assume that economy, society and culture operate in separate spheres. This suggests that, one, exposed to the globalizing imperative, no aspect of social life, customary practice, will remain the same.
There have been, broadly, two principal responses in the world, which we may call the fatalistic and the resistant. It is significant that among the most fatalistic have been the leaders of G-7, Ex-President Clinton said globalization is a fact not a policy choice Tony Blair said it is inevitable and irreversible. It may be considered paradoxical that the leaders of the most dynamic and expanding economies in the world offer such a passive, unchallenging view of what are, after all, human-made arrangements. These are among the richest and most proactive regimes, which can wage endless war on the great abstraction, that is terror, topple regimes and lay down one WTO law for the poor and another for themselves. Is their helplessness in the presence of these mighty economic and cultural powers?
Some people believe that hobbies need to be difficult tobe what extent do you agree or disagree?
Some hobbies are relatively easy, while others present more of a , I believe that both types of hobby can be fun, and I therefore disagree with the statement that hobbies need to be difficult in order to be enjoyable.
On the one hand, many people enjoy easy hobbies. One example of an activity that is easy for most people is hobby requires very little equipment, it is simple to learn, and it is remember learning to swim at my local swimming pool when I was a child, and it never felt like a demanding or challenging hobby that I find easy and fun is photography. In my opinion, anyone can take interesting pictures without knowing too much about the technicalities of operating a camera. Despite being straightforward , taking photos is a satisfying activity.
On the other hand, difficult hobbies can sometimes be more exciting. If an activity is more challenging, we might feel a greater sense of satisfaction when we manage to do it successfully. For example, film editing isa hobby that requires a high level of knowledge and expertise. In my case, it took me around two years before l became competent at this activity, but now I enjoy it much more than I did when l believe that many hobbies give us more pleasure when we reach a higher level of performance because the results are better and the feeling of achievement is greater.
ln conclusion, simple hobbies can be fun and relaxing,but difficult hobbies can be equally pleasurable for different reasons.
This bar chart analyzes the percentage of household waste recycled from 1992 to 20_. We can see that the percentage during 20_ increased all the way while other years fluctuated. In the various materials, paper and glass are the ones that with greater percentage that was recycled. In contrast, the plastic and cans had a lower percentage.
From the graph we can see that during 1992 cans have the highest percentage about 17% and plastic has the lowest at about 10%. After that, in year 1997, paper and glass became major types of waste that were recycled, at about 31% and 29% respectively. In 20_, glass became the dominant type of waste that was recycled with about 48%. Meanwhile, plastic had grown least around 2% and glass had grown the most around 34% in these 10 years, and paper chasing behind with 26%. Cans were more stable, with ony about 6% total growth.
3) 想出没有提示的名词
图中有一处铁塔，是没有标注英文的。
electricity tower 电塔，可数名词。
动词
1) 找出全部涉及动词的表达
2) 通过提示的动词，写出完整的句子
以上都不是完整的句子，而写作文的过程中，我们需要写出完整的句子。所以，在开始写作文之前，我们应该保证自己有能力将以上表达转化成完整的句子。
3) 自己思考没有提示的动词
按照流程的先后
① 冷水“穿过” geothermal zone
用 pass 即可
② 热水“经过” condenser
对 condenser 进行词性转换，得到及物动词condense
③ generator 将 electricity “提供”给 electricity tower
可以使用 provide (electricity), transfer (electricity)等
3 范文
有了以上信息，在适当的地方加入表示先后顺序的衔接词(then, before, after, subsequent, subsequently等)，就可以成文了。
我们都知道，考试作文最基本的就是作文，如果没了语言，语言就像机械一样没有了动力，所以语言文字的运用也是必不可少的。
考试作文的好坏，直接关系到我们自己在考试作文的水平，但是我们要知道，语言文字是我们学习的基础，但是语言文字也是我们学习的工具，所以我们要学好语言文字，就像我们学习英语，只有你学习好语言，你才能把学习英语学好。
我们要学习好语言文字是因为我们是第一次接触到这样的文字，所以不可以随意乱写乱划，所以在考试中一定要认真，不可马马虎虎，也可以学习别人的优点，不可以因为考试作文没考好，就不好好学，所以我们要学习别人的优点，也要学习别人的优点。
我们要学习好语言文字是因为我们学习的方法和技巧都是我们自己掌握的，所以我们要好好学习，才能让自己在考试的时候能够轻松一点，考一百分，也可以让自己考的更好。
Fixing punishments for each type of crime has been a debatable issue . There are many arguments supporting both views , those for and those against fixed punishments .
On the one hand , fixed punishments will have a deterring effect on society . Individuals knowing that they will be subject to a certain punishment if they are convicted with a given crime , will reconsider committing this act in the first place .
This deterring effect also leads to social stability and security , through minimising the number of crimes committed.
If people knew they would be able to convince the court or the jury of a reason for having committed the crime they are accused of , penal decisions would be largely arbitrary . This would result into criminals getting away with their. crimes and into a high level of injustice caused by the subjective approach of different courts .
On the other hand , taking the circumstances of a crime and its motivation into consideration is a prerequisite for establishing and ensuring justice and equity .
A person killing in self-defense can not be compared to a serial killer , moving from one victim to the next . In my opinion an intermediary position between both solutions is the perfect way to establish and ensure justice and equity.
There has to be fixed punishment for all crimes . However , criminal laws have to provide for a minimum and maximum for the punishment and the laws also have to foresee certain cases of exemptions .
An example for setting minimum and maximum penalties is competition law where a person being held liable of a crime under this law will be convicted to pay a fine , according to the harm caused by the violation and the profit gained by the violator through committing the crime .
As for the exemptions , in some countries the law exempts thiefs stealing food during a a period of famine taking into consideration the distress and hunger .
Also , a person killing in self-defense will be exempted from punishment.
Happiness is considered very important in life. Why is it difficult to define? What factors are important in achieving happiness?
lt is no doubt true that the majority of people would like tobe happy in their the personal nature of happiness makes it difficult to describe, there do seem to besome common needs that we all share with regard to experiencing or achieving happiness.
Happiness is difficult to define because it means something different to each individual person. Nobody can fully understand or experience another person's feelings, and we all have our own particular passions from which we take pleasure. Some people, for example, derive a sense of satisfaction from earning money or achieving success,whereas for others, health and family are much more important. At the same time, a range of other feelings, from excitement to peacefulness, may be associated with the idea of happiness, and the same person may therefore feel happy in a variety of different ways.
Although it seems almost impossible to give a precise definition of happiness, most people would agree that there are some basic preconditions to achieving it. Firstly, it is hardfor a person to be happy if he or she does not have a safe place to live and enough food to eat. Our basic survival needs must surely be met before we can lead a pleasant , the greatest joy in life is usually found in shared experiences with family and friends, and it is rare to find a person who is content to live in complete isolation. Other key factors could be individual freedom and a sense of purpose in life.
ln conclusion, happiness is difficult to define because it is particular to each individual, but l believe that our basic needs for shelter, food and company need to be fulfilled before we can experience it.
Two principles for criminologists and judges to sentence an offender are, firstly, his purposes and then the effects that his behaviors cause. Therefore, people in and out of law life invariably respond differently to the sentencing of a case.
For one thing, some persons feel convinced that criminals should be punished in a standardized way as long as what they have done imperils social and personal security. One of reasons for them to believe so is that the way is not only fair to victims but also a respect to judicial system.
Nevertheless, a unified punishment system is not opportune under some circumstances since the crimes are done out of complex motives and in various situations. For example, a thief robbing cash to feed his children and another to buy illegal drugs must be different. As to the former, he, being unemployed probably, is forced to commit crimes to some extent because of the failure of social security system. In comparison, the latter breaks law only for personal indulgence. Therefore, they should be treated separately.
History is more than the old stories, myths, or an academic subject for the scholars to write papers or books. Like many other sciences, history not only tells people what have happened before but also functions as a compass to lead human beings in the right course.
One of the most important roles that the study of history plays in solving the current human affairs is that it functions as a “rearview mirror”. It shows what is behind you so that you can move forward easily. History is, in essence, the people and their activities, both physical and psychological, in the past. If we accept that the past and the present are not entirely separated, then we have to admit the value of history. Our ancestors have suffered the same troubles, such as disease, disaster, or devil, as what we are confronted with, and their experiences, knowledge, and understanding of nature provide us with invaluable wisdom.
It is true that a fewer people claim that history helps people little in unlocking the current problems. They might give a long list of assumed “evidence”. For instance, they say that environmental issues are new, globalization unprecedented, political or economical conflicts fresh, and the like. Nevertheless, they have failed to see that in essence these problems are what our forefathers have experienced. Today people are suffering the same old trouble of poverty, wars, and mental crisis.
Therefore, reading history, at least we can find some clues to solve these problems.
Explain some of the ways in which humans are damagingthe environment. What can governments do to addressthese problems? What can individual people do?
Humans are responsible for a variety of environmental problems, but we can also take steps to reduce the damage that we are causing to the planet. This essay will discuss environmental problems and the measures that governments and individuals can take to address these problems.
Two of the biggest threats to the environment are air pollution and waste. Gas emissions from factories and exhaust fumes from vehicles lead to global warming, which may have a devastating effect on the planet in the future. As the human population increases, we are also producing ever greater quantities of waste, which contaminates the earth and pollutes rivers and oceans.
Governments could certainly make more effort to reduce air pollution. They could introduce laws to limit emissions from factories or to force companies to use renewable energy from solar, wind or water power. They could also impose 'green taxes' on drivers and airline companies. In this way, people would be encouraged to use public transport and to take fewer flights abroad, therefore reducing emissions.
Individuals should also take responsibility for the impact they have on the environment. They can take public transport rather than driving, choose products with less packaging, and recycle as much as possible. Most supermarkets now provide reusable bags for shoppers as well as 'banks' for recycling glass, plastic and paper in their car parks. By reusing and recycling, we can help to reduce waste.
In conclusion, both national governments and individuals must play their part in looking after the environment.
Some people think that university should not provide theoretical knowledge, but to give practical training that is beneficial to society.
Do you agree or disagree?
The current hot issues concerning higher education include the one of whether university should provide theoretical knowledge or practical training. In my opinion, this issue is closely related to the different aims of different universities and the needs of the economic development of the respective country.
As we know, university education gives a student a better appreciation of such fields as art, literature, history, science, and human relations.
Therefore, it is necessary for the university to provide theoretical knowledge for those students who intend to receive liberal education.
Most universities also have professional colleges that prepare students for careers, such as teachers colleges, agricultural or dental colleges.
These colleges, apart from offering some liberal arts courses, usually allocate a certain period of time for professional training. For example, a student at teachers college usually takes a field training at a high school as a student teacher for two or three months.
Another important factor on this issue is the needs of the economic development of a respective county. For instance, in China, a great number of advanced professional personnel are needed to keep the pace with the rapid economic development. Therefore, cooperative education that combines classroom studies with practical work experience is more appropriate an education China needs at the present time.
这是动态图还是静态图？
静态图，所以increase/decrease等词不能出现在作文中。
men who did regular physical activity有没有替换？
首先，提2个问题
1. 这个题应该当做动态图还是静态图来写？
2. 里面包含的18个数据是否应该全部列出？
如果你看懂了《剑桥雅思8》Test2小作文考官范文，答案会很清楚——
当做动态图来写，数据不用全部列出。
当做动态图来写，势必每一个频率对应的3个比例应该写成一组，那么就相当于有6组不可分割信息要写。
我们还得将这6组信息分成2-3个大组。
比较明显，可以根据数据的大小分组，得到
但是，哪些数字不用列出，还是让人纠结的。
邵教授的建议：
依据剑8 Test2的考官范文，once a week和once or twice a month对应的20_年的数据都可以不写。
将本文的Word文档下载到电脑
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