英语新闻summary范文(实用15篇)

英语新闻summary范文1

Original:

My neighbor's children love playing hide-and-seek as all children do, but no one imagine that a game they played last week would be reported in the local newspaper.

One afternoon, they were playing in the vacant lot down the corner. Young Paul, who is only five years old, found the perfect place to hide. His sister, Natalie, had shut her eyes and was counting to ten when Paul noticed the storage mail box at the corner and saw that the metal door was standing open. The mailman had just taken out several sacks of mail and had carried them to his truck which was standing at the curb a few feet away. Paul climbed into the storage box and pulled the door closed so hard that it locked. Soon realizing what he had done, he became frightened and started crying. Meanwhile, Natalie was looking for him everywhere but could not find him. It was lucky that she happened to pause at the corner for a minute and heard her brother's cries. She immediately ran to tell the mailman who hurried back from his truck to unlock the metal door. Paul was now free, but he had had such a bad scare that he could not stop crying. The mailman, however, soon found a way of making him laugh again. He told him that the next time he wanted to hide in a mail box, he should remember to put a stamp on himself!

英语新闻summary范文2

给你三篇，你选一篇吧. The Old Cat An old woman had a cat. The cat was very old; she could not run quickly, and she could not bite, because she was so old. One day the old cat saw a mouse; she jumped and caught the mouse. But she could not bite it; so the mouse got out of her mouth and ran away, because the cat could not bite it. Then the old woman became very angry because the cat had not killed the mouse. She began to hit the cat. The cat said, "Do not hit your old servant. I have worked for you for many years, and I would work for you still, but I am too old. Do not be unkind to the old, but remember what good work the old did when they were young." 【译文】 老猫 一位老妇有只猫，这只猫很老，它跑不快了，也咬不了东西，因为它年纪太大了。

一天，老猫发现一只老鼠，它跳过去抓这只老鼠，然而，它咬不住这只老鼠。因此，老鼠从它的嘴边溜掉了，因为老猫咬不了它。

于是，老妇很生气，因为老猫没有把老鼠咬死。她开始打这只猫，猫说：“不要打你的老仆人，我已经为你服务了很多年，而且还愿意为你效劳，但是，我实在太老了，对年纪大的不要这么无情，要记住老年人在年青时所做过的有益的事情。”

A man was going to the house of some rich person. As he went along the road, he saw a box of good apples at the side of the road. He said, "I do not want to eat those apples; for the rich man will give me much food; he will give me very nice food to eat." Then he took the apples and threw them away into the dust. He went on and came to a river. The river had become very big; so he could not go over it. He waited for some time; then he said, "I cannot go to the rich mans house today, for I cannot get over the river." He began to go home. He had eaten no food that day. He began to want food. He came to the apples, and he was glad to take them out of the dust and eat them. Do not throw good things away; you may be glad to have them at some other time. 【译文】 一个人正朝着一个富人的房子走去，当他沿着路走时，在路的一边他发现一箱好苹果，他说：“我不打算吃那些苹果，因为富人会给我更多的食物，他会给我很好吃的东西。”然后他拿起苹果，一把扔到土里去。

他继续走，来到河边，河涨水了，因此，他到不了河对岸，他等了一会儿，然后他说：“今天我去不了富人家了，因为我不能渡过河。” 他开始回家，那天他没有吃东西。

他就开始去找吃的，他找到苹果，很高兴地把它们从尘土中翻出来吃了。 不要把好东西扔掉，换个时候你会觉得它们大有用处。

The City Mouse and the Country Mouse once there were two mice. They were friends. One mouse lived in the country; the other mouse lived in the city. After many years the Country mouse saw the City mouse; he said, "Do come and see me at my house in the country." So the City mouse went. The City mouse said, "This food is not good, and your house is not good. Why do you live in a hole in the field? You should come and live in the city. You would live in a nice house made of stone. You would have nice food to eat. You must come and see me at my house in the city." The Country mouse went to the house of the City mouse. It was a very good house. Nice food was set ready for them to eat. But just as they began to eat they heard a great noise. The City mouse cried, " Run! Run! The cat is coming!" They ran away quickly and hid. After some time they came out. When they came out, the Country mouse said, "I do not like living in the city. I like living in my hole in the field. For it is nicer to be poor and happy, than to be rich and afraid." 【译文】 城里老鼠和乡下老鼠 从前，有两只老鼠，它们是好朋友。一只老鼠居住在乡村，另一只住在城里。

很多年以后，乡下老鼠碰到城里老鼠，它说：“你一定要来我乡下的家看看。”于是，城里老鼠就去了。

乡下老鼠领着它到了一块田地上它自己的家里。它把所有最精美食物都找出来给城里老鼠。

城里老鼠说：“这东西不好吃，你的家也不好，你为什么住在田野的地洞里呢？你应该搬到城里去住，你能住上用石头造的漂亮房子，还会吃上美味佳肴，你应该到我城里的家看看。” 乡下老鼠就到城里老鼠的家去。

房子十分漂亮，好吃的东西也为他们摆好了。可是正当他们要开始吃的时候，听见很大的一阵响声，城里的老鼠叫喊起来：“快跑！快跑！猫来了！”他们飞快地跑开躲藏起来。

过了一会儿，他们出来了。当他们出来时，乡下老鼠说：“我不喜欢住在城里，我喜欢住在田野我的洞里。

因为这样虽然贫穷但是快乐自在，比起虽然富有却要过着提心吊胆的生活来说，要好些。”。

英语新闻summary范文3

它可以包括三个组成部分 ①点明主题，解析文章或书籍的目的或意图； ②介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌； ③提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。 二、常见句型 常见的摘要句型有： 1）This paper deals with... 2）This article focuses on the topics of (that,having,etc)... 3）This eassy presents knowledge that... 4）This thesis discusses... 5）This thesis analyzes... 6）This paper provides an overview of... 7)This paper elaborates on ... 8）This article gives an overview of... 9）This article compares...and summarizes key findings. 10）This paper includes discussions concerning... 11)This paper presents up to date information on... 12)This article covers the role of chemicals in...

英语新闻summary范文4

The summary of “Nice Guys (And

Girls) Finish Together”

In Nicholas ’s “Nice Guys (And Girls) Finish Together”, which first appeared in the New York Times Magazine in 1997, he asserts that it is commendable that Japanese still value their civility, but in face of globalization, they should abandon the obsession with egalitarianism. Giving the game “musical chair”, once played by Japanese and American children as an example, he reveals an evidence of the cultural differences between Japanese and American. The former lays more emphasis on the balance of people’s relationship rather than on individual performance, while the latter tends to struggle for winning, even in some impolite manners.

英语新闻summary范文5

如何写总结(How to write a summary) -英语作文

1、the author tells us the importance of self-learning for children. not only should the teacher help the students to correct their mistakes, but also they should depend themselves to correct their own mistakes.

2、this passage discusses the importance of self-learning for children. students should have the chance to correct their own mistakes, learn-by-doing and learn from each other, not just the teacher.

3、the article gives the view that teachers should let students correct their mistakes by themselves. students are able to correct their own mistakes and teachers’ frequent correction will make children unable to judge their own work.

4、some people think students’ mistakes should be corrected by themselves and it is wrong for the teachers to do it for them too often in school. it will make the children dependent on the teachers.

the author (the passage) discussed the benefit of extracurricular activities including being a way to improve students’ health, widen their social circle and introduce them to new ideas and people.

reviews the most important points of the text. it should be brief (short). furthermore, the summary should be written as much as possible in your own words. it contains only the main ideas and what the author talks about the topic but not include much explanation or examples.

英语新闻summary范文6

雅思阅读14类题型解题技巧--Summary(摘要填空)

Summary(摘要填空)

1. 题型要求：该类题目是一小段文字，是原文或原文中的几个段落主要内容的缩写或改写，我们称之为摘要。摘要中有几个空白部分要求填空。

摘要可分为两种：全文摘要和部分段落摘要。全文摘要信息来自全文，题目空格的数目较多。部分段落摘要信息来自原文某几个连续的段落，题目空格的数目较少。

考试中出现的大部分是部分段落摘要，信息来自原文连续的两到三段，题目空格的数量在5题左右。

对于部分段落摘要，有的在题目要求中会指出它来自原文的哪些段落，但大部分的部分段落摘要只是在题目要求中说它是原文的一个摘要或部分段落摘要，并不指出它来自原文的哪些段落。

按照填空内容，摘要也可分为三种：

1. 原文原词

2. 从多个选项中选词

3. 自己写词。

原文原词的题目要求中常有from the Reading Passage  的字样。从多个选项中选词，选项的数目常常超过题目空格的数目。最近考试中，绝大部分是原文原词或从多个选项中选词，很少有自己写词的。

这类题在A类和G类考试中出现的频率一般都是每两次考一次，每次考一组，共五题左右。

2. 解题步骤

(1) 仔细读摘要的第一句话，找出它在原文中的出处，通常是和原文某段话的第一句相对应。如果题目要求中已经指出了摘要的出处，则此步可以略去不做。

(2) 注意空格前后的词，到原文中去找这些词的对应词。

对应词的特点如下：

A. 原词

B. 词性变化;如空格前的词为threatening, 是形容词，原文中的词为threat, 是名词。

C. 语态变化;一个是主动语态，一个是被动语态。

D. 同义词;如空格前的词为throw away，原文中的词为discard(丢弃，抛弃，遗弃)，它们是同义词。

(3) 仔细阅读对应所在的句子，确定正确答案。

(4) 注意语法，所填答案必须符合语法规定。

(5) 注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。

NOTICE

1. 注意题目要求中是否有字数限制。

若要求从原文选词或自己写词，会有字数要求，如Use ONE OR TWO WORDS等，答案必须满足这个要求。

2. 若从原文选词，只能选原文中连续的几个词，不能改变它们的顺序。

如原文为virgin fibre, 发生答案不可能是fibre virgin。原文为 advances in the  technology，答案不可能是technology advances。

3. 若要求从原文选词，越是生词，越可能是答案。

下列比较生僻的词如sustainable(可持续的)、biodegradable(可生物降解的)、contaminants(废物，杂物)、nostrils(鼻孔)都是一些题目的答案。

4. 从选项中选词，要注意看题目要求是写答案本身，还是写选项前的代表字母。

选项前有代表字母的，肯定是要求答代表字母。最近的考试中，选项前大部分都有代表字母。

5. 从选项中选词，答案与原文的六大对应关系。

(1) 原文原词：与原文完全相同的词或短语。

(2) 词性变化：原文为necessary，是形容词，选项为necessity，是名词。

(3) 语态变化：原文为Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting  schemes，是主动语态。摘要中的句子为people have also been encouraged by government to collect  their waste on a regular basis，是被动语态。

(4) 图表：如果原文中有图表，一般会有一题答案来自图表。

(5) 同义词：原文为tight，选项为restricted，是同义词。

(6) 归纳：有时文中没有直接提及，须从几句话中归纳出答案。一般比较难，目前考试中，至少有一个空格是归纳出来的。

6.从选项中选词，如果时间不够，可以直接从选项中选择，不看原文。

这时，要特别注意语法。这样做的准确性50%左右(视题目的难易及考生的水平而定)。所以除非时间不够，否则不建议大家这样做。

7. 如果要求自己写词，答案绝大部分是原文原词，少部分是对原文原词做的形式上的修改。

要求自己写词的机率很小，遇到过一次。在这一次的5个题目中有4个答案是原文原词，剩下一个，原文原词是de-inked，答案根据语法的需要改为de-ink。

雅思阅读机经真题解析--How to Achieve Happiness

You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 1-13 which are based on  Reading Passage below.

Throughout the whole period of one’s lifetime, the achieving of happiness  can be seen as our ultimate and everlasting goal. Happiness is far more than a  strong body, a magnificent villa or an around-the-world tour; it is something we  need from our heart. However, we can investigate happiness through scientific  methods.

When we are asked the question “Where can we find happiness”, it is a  puzzle difficult to answer accurately. We can find happiness right in our own  home, in our workplace, in school, in the company of our friends, etc. It is up  to us to find the ways and means to achieve that happiness each of us seek and  long for. However, it is essential to recognize that there is no one absolute  way to achieve happiness. People may have different ideas with regard to the  ways of achieving happiness. The following five classifications are perceived by  many people as sources of happiness: family and friends, wealth, position,  educational achievement and fame.

To give it a comprehensive definition, happiness is a mental state of  well-being characterized by positive or pleasant emotions ranging from  contentment to intense joy. A variety of biological, psychological, religious,  and philosophical approaches have striven to define happiness and identify its  sources. Various research groups, including Positive Psychology, endeavor to  apply the scientific method to answer questions about what “happiness” is, and  how we might attain it. While philosophers and religious thinkers often define  happiness in terms of living a good life, or flourishing, rather than simply as  an emotion. Happiness in this sense was used to translate the Greek Eudaimonia,  and is still used in virtue ethics.

While the level of physical healthiness is the biggest determinant of  happiness, comparison of financial success with others of the same age group is  the second largest source of happiness and unhappiness. Financially richer  people tend to be happier than poorer people, according to sociological  researcher Glenn Firebaugh of Pennsylvania State University. Their research is  focused on whether the income effect on happiness results largely from the  things money can buy (absolute income effect) or from comparing one's income to  the income of others (relative income effect). They present their research in a  session paper, tided “Relative Income and Happiness: Arc Americans on a Hedonk  Treadmill?” Firebaugh argues that, in evaluating their own incomes, individuals  compare themselves to their peers of the same age. Therefore, a persons reported  level of happiness depends on how his or her income compares to others in the  same age group. Using comparison groups on the basis of age, the researchers  find evidence of both relative and absolute effects, but relative income is more  important than absolute income in determining the happiness of individuals in  the United States. This may result in a self-indulgent treadmill, because  incomes in the United States rise over most of the adult lifespan. They always  dissatisfy with the salary. For example, the survey indicates that the students  studied in Harvard University expect to earn much more money than their  classmates rather than care about the exact amount of the salary.

We have long been aware that elements from various perspectives of We could  contribute to realizing happiness. The Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart  (MISTRA) has recently conducted a research project, choosing 120 pairs of  reared-apart twins as subjects to test their perception of happiness. In an  early report of results it was found that, on most measurable psychological  traits, the level of welfare between the twins in a set felt is varied instead  of being the same or similar. Thus environmental factors may not be the only  factor that affects the feeling of happiness significantly. In another  investigation, among persons of European ancestry, for psychological features  that can be measured, heritability range from about 25 percent to 80 percent.  Or, to put it more concretely, from one-fourth to four-fifths of the variation  from person to person in such features as IQ, creativity and happiness, is  associated with genetic differences between those persons. That indicates that  genetic difference may also affect the happiness. Furthermore, neurobiological  evidence shows that left and right frontal lobes play different roles in the  emotion (MC) (M). Happiness is a type of emotion, a positive one. From the  experiments, happiness and the left prefrontal lobe are combined together. The  more active it is, the more positive emotion you sense.

At the outset of new millennium, a global research had a result that the  people living in the modern world were even unhappier. With crises being on the  rise these days, finding happiness can be a bit challenging. Despite of all the  stresses associated with life, we still do our best to be happy — because being  happy is the only way to keep us afloat. Happiness is considered a very  important therapy, both physically and mentally. With it, we are inspired to  accomplish whatever goals we want to achieve. It's a strong drive that keeps us  going and helps us live our life every single day.

There are many ways to be happy. Spend time with individuals who are dear  to you. There is nothing more joyful than to be with the people you love. During  the weekends, try to schedule a fun trip for you and your partner, or one for  your whole family. Just go somewhere else for a change and enjoy the change of  scenery. Do something nice for others. Helping others is a very honorable way to  find happiness. If your schedule is too tight for volunteer work, you can just  donate a small sum of money or some old clothes or toys to charity. When you eat  out, try to be a good tipper to the waiters or the valet who safely parked your  car. All these simple things will not only make you happy, but other people as  well. Start and end your day with a smile. Smiling is a very powerful gesture.  There's no need for words to describe how pleasant it is. If you have a lousy  day, smile your way out of the office. When people smile back at you, it will  uplift your mood and make you feel better. Spending some time with your friends.  A close circle of friends is one of the most important sources of happiness.

英语新闻summary范文7

Headlines

伦敦获得20_年奥运会承办权

crowds react in trafalgar square, central london to the international olympic committees announcement from singapore that london has won the bid to host the 20_ olympic games, wednesday july 6, 20_. candidate cities competing for the olympic bid were london, paris, madrid, new york and moscow. the building seen in the background is the national gallery

Researchers hold up panda cubs for a group picture at the Giant Panda Breeding Base in Chengdu, capital of Southwest China's Sichuan Province, Wednesday. The cubs were born last year and will go on public display during the Spring Festival holiday, the China Daily reported.

SD-Agencies

英语新闻summary范文8

首先Summary的写作应该分为以下6步：①分段阅读 首先，我们需要对整篇文章浏览一次，根据文中的标题、副标题等分段阅读。

②重读 主动阅读文章，并把主题句、关键句以及对写作summary有用的信息标记出来。③概括 在明确了每个分段的中心思想之后，用一句话概括出来。

注意：句中只需要关键点，不需要进行细节性的描述。④主旨 主旨句是一篇摘要的关键点，读者可从中获知整篇文章所要表达的内容。

下边BayDue给大家分享一篇summary写作范文：Why do some animals die out?In the past two hundred years people have caused many kinds of animals to die out--to become keep building houses and factories in fields and they spread over the land,they destroy animals' the animals can't find a place to live,they die kinds of Hawaiian birds have become extinct for this animals,such as the Florida Key deer,may soon die out because they are losing their have caused some animals to become extinct, the last century,hunters killed all the passenger pigeons in North America and most of the they are fast killing off hawks and is killing many animals today, rivers become polluted,fish are that eat the poisoned fish can't lay strong,healthy birds aren't far,no animals have become extinct because of some,such as the bald eagle and the brown pelican,have become rare and may die think that some animals become extinct because of changes in places where they live become hotter or cooler,drier or food that they eat cannot grow there any the animals can't learn to eat something else,they may have died out for this the past two hundred years,many kinds of animals have died are several reasons for keep building houses and factories in fields and woods,which destroys animals''killing has also caused some animals to become animals aren't able to bear strong offspring and nor do they have enough food to eat because of pollution and climatic changes.。

英语新闻summary范文9

你好 我在美国上大三 有较强论文水平 希望能够帮助你The Australian Middle School Student Visit Our SchoolA delegation of 10 Australian Middle school students visited our school on June 2nd. They arrived at around 9am. Everyone in our school were really excited about this and gave them warm welcomes. The welcoming ceremony started at 9:30. Our headmaster and foreign friends gave some speeches respectively. After the meeting, our foreign friends visited our classrooms, labs, libraries and school-oriented factories. They felt very happy about them and they decided to take a english class with us. At 3pm foreign friends have a symposium with part of our students and teachers. The delegation team left at 5pm. Both they and we had agood time。

英语新闻summary范文10

题目描述：

Given a sorted integer array without duplicates, return the summary of its ranges.

For example, given [0,1,2,4,5,7], return [0->2,4->5,7].

Credits:

Special thanks to @ for adding this problem and creating all test cases.

就是给定一个已排序的数组，返回一个字符串数组，每个字符串表示为元素区间的合并，

本题是典型的two pointer 问题。

思路：

一次遍历，使用two pointer方法，from 表示区间的起始元素，to表示区间的结束元素。

如果相邻元素nums[i]和nums[i-1]差值为1，区间范围+1：to = nums[i] ，注意最后元素的处理。

否则：

如果from不等于to：

将range = [from,to]添加到解集中，并更新from的位置。

如果from和to相等：

将range=from(或to)添加到解集

注意末尾元素的判断（如果已打末尾，添加末尾元素）

实现代码：

public class Solution { public IListSummaryRanges(int[] nums) { if( == 0){return new List; } if( == 1){return new List(){nums[0].ToString()}; } var from = nums[0]; var to = nums[0]; var ret = new List(); for(var i = 1 ;i < ; i++){if(nums[i] - nums[i-1] == 1){ to = nums[i]; if(i == - 1){ (({0}->{1}, from , to)); }}else{ if(from != to){ (({0}->{1}, from , to)); if(i == - 1 && to != nums[ - 1]){ (nums[i].ToString()); } } else{ (()); if(i == - 1){ (nums[i].ToString()); } } from = nums[i]; to = nums[i];} } return ret; }}

英语新闻summary范文11

摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。写摘要主要包括三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。 第一步：阅读

A．认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。

B．给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。

C．现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。

D．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。 第二步：动手写作

A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。

B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。

C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。

D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。

E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：

英语新闻summary范文12

山西襄汾9月12日从山西省襄汾县新塔矿业公司“9·8”特大尾矿库溃坝事故抢险指挥部获悉，截至12日17时，搜救人员累计发现遇难者178名，搜救工作仍在紧张进行。

搜救人员对所有重点区域、重点部位全部进行了搜寻，90%的过泥面积已经进行了彻底搜寻，目前2200多名搜救人员和110多台大型机械仍在现场实施搜救。翻译Shanxi Xiangfen September 12 from the Xiangfen County, Shanxi Province tower mining companies, "9 8" large tailings dam break the accident rescue headquarters was informed that as at 17:00 on the 12th, search and rescue personnel found the victims total 178, search and rescue Is still a tension. Search and rescue staff on all key areas, focusing on all parts of the search conducted, 90 percent of the dump area has conducted a thorough search, more than 2,200 search and rescue personnel and more than 110 Taiwan implementation of large-scale search and rescue machinery is still at the scene。

英语新闻summary范文13

SUMMARY OF BILATERAL WTO AGREEMENT

《SUMMARY OF BILATERAL WTO AGREEMENT》

February 2,

AGRICULTURE

The Agreement would eliminate barriers and increase access for . exports across a broad range of commodities. Commitments include:

Significant cuts in tariffs that will be completed by January . Overall average for agricultural products will be percent and for . priority products 14 percent (down from 31 percent).

Establishment of a tariff-rate quota system for imports of bulk commodities, ., wheat, corn, cotton, barley, and rice, that provides a share of the TRQ for private traders. Specific rules on how the TRQ will operate and increased transparency in the process will help ensure that imports occur. Significant and growing quota quantities subject to tariffs that average between 1-3 percent.

Immediate elimination of the tariff-rate quota system for barley, peanut oil, sunflower-seed oil, cottonseed oil, and a phase-out for soybean oil.

The right to import and distribute products without going through a state-trading enterprise or middleman.

Elimination of export subsidies on agricultural products.

China has also agreed to the elimination of SPS barriers that are not based on scientific evidence.

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS

China would lower tariffs and eliminate broad systemic barriers to . exports, such as limits on who can import goods and distribute them in China, as well as barriers such as quotas and licenses on . products.

TARIFFS

Tariffs cut from an average of percent to an average of percent overall and percent on . priority products.

China will participate in the Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and eliminate all tariffs on products such as computers, telecommunications equipment, semiconductors, computer equipment, and other high-technology products.

In the auto sector, China will cut tariffs from the current 80-100% level to 25% by mid-, with the largest cuts in the first years after accession.

Auto parts tariffs will be cut to an average of 10% by mid-20_.

In the wood and paper sectors, tariffs will drop from present levels of 12?18% on wood and 15-25% on paper down to levels generally between 5% and .

China will also be implementing the vast majority of the chemical harmonization initiative. Under that initiative, tariffs will be at 0, and percent for products in each category.

ELIMINATION OF QUOTAS AND LICENSES

WTO rules bar quotas and other quantitative restrictions. China has agreed to eliminate these restrictions with phase-ins limited to five years.

Quotas: China will eliminate existing quotas upon accession for the top . priorities (. optic fiber cable). It will phase out remaining quotas, generally by , but no later than .

Quotas will grow from current trade levels at a 15% annual rate in order to ensure that market access increases progressively.

Auto quotas will be phased out by 20_. In the interim, the base-level quota will be $6 billion (the level prior to China's auto industrial policy), and this will grow by 15% annually until elimination.

RIGHT TO IMPORT AND DISTRIBUTE

Trading rights and distribution are among the top concerns for . manufacturers and agricultural exporters. At present, China severely restricts trading rights (the right to import and export) and the ability to own and operate distribution networks. Under the Agreement, trading rights and distribution services will be progressively phased in over three years. China will also open up sectors related to distribution services, such as repair and maintenance, warehousing, trucking and air courier services.

SERVICES

China has made commitments to phase out most restrictions in a broad range of services sectors, including distribution, banking, insurance, telecommunications, professional services such as accountancy and legal consulting, business and computer related services, motion pictures and video and sound recording services. China will also participate in the Basic Telecommunications and Financial Services Agreements.

GRANDFATHERING

China will grandfather the existing level of market access already in effect at the time of China's accession for . services companies currently operating in China. This will protect existing American businesses operating under contractual or shareholder agreements or a license from new restrictions as China phases in their commitments.

DISTRIBUTION AND RELATED SERVICES

China generally prohibits foreign firms from distributing products other than those they make in China, or from controlling their own distribution networks. Under the Agreement, China has agreed to liberalize wholesaling and retailing services for most products, including imported goods, throughout China in three years. In addition, China has agreed to open up the logistical chain of related services such as maintenance and repair, storage and warehousing , packaging, advertising, trucking and air express services, marketing, and customer support in three to four years.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS

China now prohibits foreign investment in telecommunications services. For the first time, China has agreed to permit direct investment in telecommunications businesses. China will also participate in the Basic Telecommunications Agreement. Specific commitments include:

Regulatory Principles ?- China has agreed to implement the pro?competitive regulatory principles embodied in the Basic Telecommunications Agreement (including interconnection rights and independent regulatory authority) and will allow foreign suppliers to use any technology they choose to provide telecommunications services.

China will gradually phase out all geographic restrictions for paging and value-added services in two years, mobile voice and data services in five years, and domestic and international services in six years.

China will permit 50 percent foreign equity share for value-added and paging services two years after accession, 49 percent foreign equity share for mobile voice and data services five years after accession, and for domestic and international services six years after accession.

INSURANCE

Currently, only two . insurers have access to China's market. Under the agreement:

China agreed to award licenses solely on the basis of prudential criteria, with no economic-needs test or quantitative limits on the number of licenses issued.

China will progressively eliminate all geographic limitations within 3 years. Internal branching will be permitted consistent with the elimination of these restrictions.

China will expand the scope of activities for foreign insurers to include group, health and pension lines of insurance, phased in over 5 years. Foreign property and casualty firms will be able to insure large-scale commercial risks nationwide immediately upon accession.

China agreed to allow 50 percent ownership for life insurance. Life insurers may also choose their own joint venture partners. For non-life, China will allow branching or 51 percent ownership on accession and wholly owned subsidiaries in 2 years. Reinsurance is completely open upon accession (100 percent, no restrictions).

BANKING

Currently foreign banks are not permitted to do local currency business with Chinese clients (a few can engage in local currency business with their foreign clients). China imposes severe geographic restrictions on the establishment of foreign banks.

China has committed to full market access in five years for . banks.

Foreign banks will be able to conduct local currency business with Chinese enterprises starting 2 years after accession.

Foreign banks will be able to conduct local currency business with Chinese individuals from 5 years after accession.

Foreign banks will have the same rights (national treatment) as Chinese banks within designated geographic areas.

Both geographic and customer restrictions will be removed in five years.

Non-bank financial companies can offer auto financing upon accession.

SECURITIES

China will permit minority foreign-owned joint ventures to engage in fund management on the same terms as Chinese firms. By three years after accession, foreign ownership of these joint ventures will be allowed to rise to 49 percent. As the scope of business expands for Chinese firms, foreign joint venture securities companies will enjoy the same expansion in scope of business. In addition, 33 percent foreign?owned joint ventures will be allowed to underwrite domestic equity issues and underwrite and trade in international equity and all corporate and government debt issues.

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES

China has made strong commitments regarding professional services, including the areas of law, accounting, management consulting, tax consulting, architecture, engineering, urban planning, medical and dental services, and computer and related services. China's commitments will lead to greater market access opportunities and increased certainty for American companies doing business in China.

>

MOTION PICTURES, VIDEOS, SOUND RECORDINGS

China will allow the 20 films to be imported on a revenue-sharing basis in each of the 3 years after accession. . firms can form joint ventures to distribute videos, software entertainment, and sound recordings and to own and operate cinemas.

PROTOCOL PROVISIONS

Commitments in China's WTO Protocol and Working Party Report establish rights and obligations enforceable through WTO dispute settlement procedures. We have agreed on key provisions relating to antidumping and subsidies, protection against import surges, technology transfer requirements, and offsets, as well as practices of state?owned and state?invested enterprises. These rules are of special importance to . workers and business.

China has agreed to implement the TRIMs Agreement upon accession, eliminate and cease enforcing trade and foreign exchange balancing requirements, as well as local content requirements, refu

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