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在执行上级党组织决定方面存在的问题及整改措施范文(通用6篇)
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在执行上级党组织决定方面存在的问题及整改措施范文(通用6篇)
2023-06-15
It is very important to the rest of the world because of its underground petroleum fields.
It is said that oil is industrial blood and for this reason perhaps the war September 11，20_，the Twin Towers in New York as well as parts of the Pentagon were destroyed by an airplane planned by terrorists， which made George Bush declared to fight the country’s enemies.
It was said that Iraq still possessed many weapons of mass destruction and weapon inspectors were sent to the country by the UN to find the no evidence was found， America still wanted to go to war with Iraq and the main target is Sadam war was just like the quiet battle between France and China in was said that a relation of Sadam betrayed him.
I think war is not just a matter of two persons or two-family is related to so many victims’ inrerests .As a leader， one must always think for all the people， so will his country be prosperous for Peace-com
A group dancing competition will be held in our school and the monitor calls on everybody to take an active part in most of my classmates are still hesitating whether to participate,I have said yes to our monitor with great pleasure.
Generally speaking,there are two reasons for my is a good opportunity for me to relax myself,which will enable me to study more work and no play makes Jack a dull boy,so goes the saying,which clearly shows us the importance of think I am a good dancer after learning dance for more than five in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions to the class.
For the two reasons mentioned above,it is no surprise that I have such a strong enthusiasm on the group dancing competition.
It is universally acknowledged that almost all school have a school moto to express school ’s spirit to the public and their student who are supposed to encouraged to study hard.
There is no doubt that Wuhan University has its own school motto,it says:” promote perseverance,improve yourself,seek truth and make innovation ”.It goes without saying that there are countless students who come from Wuhan University follow the motto to explore truth and make innovation in last over 120 in Wuhan University learn off the motto,they promote perseverance and improve themselves in daily life and motto like a kind of invisible power,believe it or not,that lead us to earn the good quality which the motto it comes to talk a certain university,it is generally believed that students from here will have the good quality that its school motto describes.
To sum up,school motto attach great importance to not just students but also school.
My Father
There is always a brilliant image living in my heart. That is my dear father. Seen through the eyes of many other people, father seems to be a very ordinary person. But he is quite extraordinary in my eyes, I have never lost my wonder at his good-personalities such as diligence, devotion, care, optimism ever since my childhood.
Being a farmer, father works very hard in the fields all the year round. He works from dawn till dusk every day and even till midnight when it is the harvest season. He seldom enjoys leisure with other farmers even if the farm work is not much. He chooses to live a busy life with reluctance to stop for a while.
Father devotes all himself to our family. As we are poor, he always tries his best to support our family and afford the tuitions for my brother and me. For the whole family, for brother and me, he never stops working laboriously in the fields throughout the year. Now he has got a wrinkled face and white hair because of excessive hard work, looking much older and weaker than any other person of his age. In spite of all this, father never complains to us. It is his full devotion that we’re living a better life now. It is his full devotion that both my brother and I are able to study at college.
Father shows much care to us children and my mother as well. Whenever there is any delicious food on the table, he just leaves it to us while he takes the simple one himself. If my brother and I fall ill, he will not hesitate a moment to get some medicine for us or take us to see the doctor. My mother suffers a bad disease. Father looks after her very carefully. He never lets mother do any heavy work both at home and in the field. Mother appreciates him m much that she often praises him as a model husband before others.
Father is a person full of optimism. He never complains about our poor life. He is never frustrated by trouble. He often tells us that everything will be all right if we have enough confidence in life. Due to his optimism, we are all confident to face our life and work.
We all think that father is not in the least an ordinary man. He plays an extraordinary role in my family. We can’t have anything without him. Now I’m pursuing further studies at college far away from father. I miss him very much. And I often see him in my dreams. His great image is deeply carved in my mind.
How are you doing? I am Li Hua,a 17-year-old teenager,who is crazy aboutdifferent cultures around the learned in your officialwebsite that a volunteer is needed for an exhibition of Chinese traditionalpainting in I am writing to apply for this position.
Here are three main reasons why I am the best choice for andforemost,having lived in London for half a year before as an exchange student,I am undoubtedly good at EnglIsh; as a result,it is a piece of cake for me tointroduce everything to international learned Chinesepainting for more than ten years in my childhood; therefore,I do know a lotabout this great art but certainly not least,as vice monitor of ourclass,I am kind,patient and always ready to help others.
Hopefully,this wonderful chance would be offered to have theconfidnece that I will have a great forward to your reply.
In many universities,there are not only studies in school but also many school activities for students to participate some college students love activities such as clubs and sports more at their leisure time,while others students spend more time on their studies.
As far as I am concerned,it’s so normal that the two groups of students exist in one who spend much time on their studies have strong desire to get a high score in final exam,or they regard study as an interesting thing,they feel happy when they bury their head in group of students often participate in all kinds of activities,they have great chances to make different friends in these ’s more,sports can help us keep consideration of my desire to make friends and have a physique,I’d like spend more time in participating in activities.
Every coin has two sides,we ’d better make an attempt to keep an balance between studies an in this way can we have a memorable school life.
New Year's Day is one of important days for many people in the word during the people spend the New Year'sDay in hotels.
January 1st is considered as the New Year's companies，shops，school，and government offices are closed during that prepare for New Year's Day from late ，people spend a few days to clean their houses families then put up some new painting from November to be sent in New Year's meal is also prepared from the end of the New Year's Day，people usually do not cook and relax at home.
On New Year's Eve，it is common to have a bag dinner with family members or friends at home or in hotels and hear bells which informs us of the coming New New Year's Day，people fiest greet each people wear new coats and visit temples to pray for happiness and health theoughout the New are busy with getting the gifts from their parents and relatives.
Young students will be the main work force in the 21st Century. To be a qualified talent, they should acquire two important keys, which are English and the knowledge of computers respectively.
青年学生是21世纪主要的生产力。为了成为一个合格的人才，他们应该拥有两个重要的技能，一个是英语，另一个是计算机知识。
In the new century, English will be the major language used in communicating with people in different countries. To master the language means to have more opportunities to succeed. Additionally, computers are coming into almost every aspect of our lives. Knowing about them will be a basic requirement in the new century. Without the knowledge of computers, one can hardly cope with others in business or in daily life.
在新世纪里，英语将会是不同国家人们之间交际的主要用语。掌握了这门语言意味着有了更多的成功机会。另一方面，计算机已经进入了我们生活的各个方面。计算机知识将会是新世纪的基本要求。没有计算机知识，人们很难和他人在生活和工作方面进行交往。
As a student, we should work harder and master these two important keys to make a greater contribution to society.
作为一个学生，我们应该努力工作，掌握这两个关键技能，以便为社会做出更大的贡献。
4自考英语作文范文三
早起的重要性
Just as Benjamin Franklin says ^v^Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.^v^ It's true that early rising benefits us in many ways.
正如本杰明·弗兰克林所说的：“早睡早起能给一个人带来健康、财富和智慧。”早起可以在很多方面给我们带来益处。
First, it helps to keep us fit. We all need fresh air,but air is never so fresh in other time of the day as that in the early morning. Besides, by taking morning exercises we can improve our health. Second, it can help us in our studies. In the morning we can learn more quickly. Third, it can enable us to plan our work for the day. We cannot work well without a proper plan. Early rising can also give us enough time to get ready for our work.
首先，它帮助我们保持健康。我们需要新鲜空气，而一天中早晨的空气新鲜了，而且，通过晨练我们还可以改善我们的健康。其次，早起也有助于提高我们的学习，在早晨我们学得更快。第三，早起可以使我们为一天的学习作个计划，因为没有计划我们就不能很好地学习。最后，早起还能给我们充足的时间为功课做准备。
So we urge that those who always get up late should make great effort to get up early.
因此，我们强烈建议：那些起得晚的同学应该尽量早起。
一：Sentence development 句子写作。
1） You always remain a victim
You will always remain a victim ,not only of some popular books ,but also of some people concerned.
2) Such an attitude would emphasize the value of life.
Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the value of life.
3)”Happy Christmas “he said.
“Happy Christmas “he said, smiling and picking out two flowers.
4)The piano player began to sing loudly.
The piano player began to sing loudly ,beating the keys with magic hands ,and nodding his head in rhythm.
5)I was very embarrassed .
I didn’t know what I should do.
I was very embarrassed ;I didn’t know what I should do.
6)Today at school Mr Moore brought in his pet rabbit.
He showed it to the class.
Today at school Mr Moore brought in his pet rabbit ,and he showed it to the class.
7)He is very busy preparing IELTS.
He has no time to play.
He is very busy preparing IELTS; therefore , He has no time to play.
8)The judge had a hard time deciding___________________.
The judge had a hard time deciding where painting was the best.
9)The house ____is still standing.
The house which Abraham Lincoln was born is still standing.
10)My presentation seemed to go well.
My presentation seemed to go well although I was feeling really nervous.
二，Short answers。简答题
1 What are the paragraph qualities?
Unity and coherence
2How many parts is an article usually composed of? What are they?
Three parts: introduction ,body and conclusion.
3How many forms can articles be roughly divided into？what are they?
Four forms :description ,narration ,argumentation and exposition.
4How many parts does a science and technology paper consist of? What are they?
Seven parts: title and authors name ,summary, contents ,text, acknowledgements, references, biographty.
5What are the characteristics of good writings?
Good thinking,to the point ,revisions, appropriate ,style for the purpose ,clear organization,
effective use of expressions reader oriented, simple and short, precise.
6What are the key features of a research paper?
A :It is based on extensive research of proven facts and authoritative testimony .
B:The author’s voice tends to be objective and neutral.
C:The style tends to be formal.
三 Science and technology writing in English .科技英语写作。
1 Write out definitions of the subjects given below , using the notes provided next to each subjects.
Biology is the scientific study of the natural processes of living things.(Biology may be defined as the science which natural processes of living things.)
Chemistry may be defined as a branch of science which deals with the basic characteristics of substances and the different ways in which they react or or combine with other substances.
Anthropology may be defined as the branch of seience which studies the human race ,its culture and society and its physical development.
Home Economics is the study of household management .It is largely concerned with learning how to deal with problems and challenges of homemarking.
Electrical and electronic engineering is a discipline which is enjoying a period of exciting and dynamic growth , Its findings are being applied with increasing frequency and effectiveness in households, medicine ,industry ,public services and business. Its great impact on modern life is likely to become even more dramatic in the near future.
4Revise or rewrite the following definitions below to make them more appropriate .You may consult a dictionary.
A school is a place where people, especially young people ,are educated.
An astronomer is a scientist who studies the universe as a whole and the objects which exist naturally in space ,such as the sun ,the moon ,planets and stars.
A degree is an academic qualification which is given by a college or university to a student who has completed a course of study.
A computer is an electronic machine which can solve mathematical problems at very high speeds.. It is nowadays mainly used for storing and recalling information ,and for controlling other machines .It has brought about great convenience and high efficiency ,thus releasing a vast number of manhours to be used in other efforts.
Sport is a game ,competition or activity which can be generally divided into the following broad categories:track and field ,ballgame ,gymnastics .Track and field events can be further divided
into such activities an jumping ,throwing ,running and walking.
3(1)IE:Sentences 1—3
IE2:Sentences 4—7
IE3：Sentences 8—9
IE4：Sentences10—12
IE5：Sentences 13
(2) The part of literature review is the longest since it includes specific information about different studies.
Young university students are sensible to are keen on following fashions: they use mobile phones of the latest style; they wear stylish clothes; they enjoy popular music.
Some people are not happy with this argue that university students should focus on studies rather than on say fashions cost so much that university students cannot afford students follow fashions crazily,for fear of losing have caused much trouble on campus.
However,others may hold different say fashions can drive students to work harder for a better life and broaden their horizons,which is essential for their future development.
I understand those students who follow fashions,but they must be responsible and not go to their family is poor,there is no need for them to have such luxurious hobbies.
There is an old saying: where there is a will,there is a tells us that a strong will is the most essential quality that anyone who wants to achieve can contribute a lot to one’s success.
Although “All roads lead to Rome”,none of them is completely life is filled with obstacles which may make us feel so hopeless that we may choose to give the crucial moment,strong will helps a a matter of fact,the ability to work through difficult situation and unfortunate events with strong will can make one stronger and more other words,if we want to realize life’s goal,we must keep forging ahead with strong consciousness.
From what has been discussed above,we can see that the establishment of tough determination is of great importance to a strong will,including our knowledge,we will be able to deal with any situation in our we do,as long as we stick to and do not give up easily,we will realize the goal at last.
My dream is to grow up and be a my efforts to raise the students; I have kissed the blarney stone mouth,in the minds of students,sprinkle with the seeds of patriotism; Let the students know that reading is the only way to grow up to serve the will strive for the dream...
My dream is to be a want to invent a microcomputer intelligent bag can big to small,can let we are flowers of the motherland shoulder the burden of lighter; I have invented a kind of portable portable hand-held library,the library is a collection of all the books in the world,whether in modern or the students feel,reading is a happy 's work hard,make this day good reality.
I also want to be a tour guide,let people all over the world know that the beautiful scenery in my hometown,my hometown's unique specialty is introduced to the world.
I want to do an entrepreneur,the earnest money,give my parents live,donate half of my property to impoverished mountainous area,let them feel,there is love in the world!
自考英语二怎么学
英语(二)词汇记忆方法
英语二词汇要求达到3800词，词组750.有的同学问是不是就只要背下册书的词汇就行了，回答是不够的，肯定是不够的，因为词汇没有说只考下册，上册也要背。但是有人说我短期内怎么记住这些大量的词汇呢?大家词汇学习第一个应该是有一定的时间，因为有的同学说一个星期或者两个星期教给你方法能够记住几千，他这个方法有点儿像变魔术，不太现实，我觉得词汇是一个积累。因为从心理学角度来讲学词汇有两个方向，一个方向是要把词汇学习的时候印象深刻，一个词能够像串葡萄似的串出一串来，比如同义词、反义词、近义词，应该把有关联的词相互记忆。第二，词汇一定得重复，从心理学角度学词必须这样。
英语(二)学习重点
英语是一种语言，任何语言都是由词和句子构成的，所以光会了词，不会把这些词组成句子是不行的，因此怎么组成句子呢?得知道组成句子的规则，还有一些习惯用法，你必须要了解这种语言的文化，所以说学英语光学词是不行的，因此是除了学词以外还得学词的用法以及文化，习惯用法就是一种文化，死背根本记不住。为什么记不住?背的这个词应该是灵活的，怎么灵活呢?这个词首先要知道词性是什么，做个句子，学了一个词不会做句子造一个短语，还要大声的念，李阳疯狂英语为什么风靡全国，就是要把词大声地念出来，这样从耳朵里能够听进去的，对大脑的刺激比眼睛里看见的要强得多，所以学习词汇的一个技巧要大声念，要组一个词或者组一个短语，这样记忆比光看两遍、写几遍要好得多。
英语(二)考前冲刺方法
最好的方法应该是做冲刺的题目，所谓冲刺的题目就是要做一些题目跟考试的真题一样的，每一部分都是给自己做测试，做模拟题，比如要设定时间是2个半小时，考试是2个半小时，你就要用2个半小时做模拟卷然后做考试题，因为考试的真题都有答案，最后对一下答案看得多少分。
英语(二)考试如何安排考场时间
考试时间安排，总有最后的翻译题来不及做的这种情况，所以我跟大家讲主观性题目，我刚才说了有30%，一定要留出足够的时间，至少三分之一的时间来做。有一部分比较难的，就像完形填空，那个只有10分，但是有大部分同学在那儿花的时间太多了，完形填空一段文章是比较难的，把10个空填进去，如果耗费了很多时间不值得。因为完形填空一般的同学语法知识比较差的话，做不好这道题。但是像第一个题目词汇结构题，如果有一定的语法知识这道题应该是可以拿到分的。再有阅读理解题，也是30分，有的同学最后来不及把文章仔细看，就随便乱选了很容易选错，所以把三分之一的时间一定要留给阅读理解，还有三分之一的时间留给主观性题目就是翻译题。
注意事项
备考英语(二)最大的资本就是课本，考生最少要留一个月时间，把课文从头到尾复习一遍，力求吃透课本知识。
重复学习法 当感到知识已经掌握得的差不多的时候，再重复学一次。这一次也许会获得更深的印象和更多的体会。
换位思考法 在自学中，不要老是把你自己当成是“学生”，处于被动地位，而要不断的把自己摆放到“先生”的位置上，采取主动，产生不同的想法来。
角色转换法 在自学某个专业时，比如会计，不要仅仅把自己当成考生练习题目，而要把自己设想成一个资深会计人员，正在替企业做帐。这样，就会学以致用，有益于考试。
交叉应用法 对知识多方位、多学科的交叉应用，会对本门课程的学习产生更大的效应。这在科学史上已是不胜枚举的成功方法。
经典指导法 在自学中，会经常碰到困惑。这就需要运用自己学到的经典学科的理论知识，如马克思主义辨证唯物论以及逻辑学、心理学等来指导实践。
重点把握法 好的自考生从不胡乱的猜题。但是，考前重点把握考点是可行的。就在考试前三五天，集中把学科的重点、难点弄懂，如果内容多、记不住，可以选择“重中之重”，强记下来，必有收获。
南京师范大学编
江苏省高等教育自学考试委员会办公室
Ⅰ 课程性质与课程目标
一、课程性质和特点
《英语应用文写作》课程介绍了以书信为主的英语应用文的结构和特点，提供各类应用文的常用句型与表达方式，并通过实例说明每种写作原则与注意事项，帮助学生学习多种商务信函的写作，包括建立商业关系、询价、投诉及理赔、推销信、致谢信、邀请信、求职信、个人简历、便函、会议记录、报告等。课程还通过丰富的练习，帮助学生全面提高英语应用文写作能力与英语语言沟通技巧。
二、课程目标（评价目标）
通过英语应用文写作课程的学习，学生能够熟练使用基本的应用文写作方法和技巧，能独立撰写意思清晰，用词恰当，条理清楚、符合国际标准的各类英语应用文。
英语应用文写作课程设置的目标是使得考生能够： 1、熟悉并学会使用英语应用文常用词汇和语句；
2、了解并熟悉国际标准的英语应用文，特别是商业书信和其它文件格式和通行规范；
3、掌握在涉外商务和其它国际交往中必备的书面表达技能技巧； 4、拓宽有关涉外业务的文化知识与英语语言知识。
三、与相关课程的联系与区别
本课程可以帮助学生掌握英语应用文写作的要求以及常用表达文本格式，辨别英语应用文在语言文体上的特点，从而更好地掌握英语语言。 英语应用文写
作课程的先修课程是基础英语、英语写作、英语阅读、英语口语等。本课程所学基本词汇和基本句型与基础英语、英语写作、英语阅读、英语口语的基本词汇和基本句型相互渗透，相辅相成。通过学习本课程，学生的实际语言运用能力能够得到提高，且能为后续的专业课程的学习打好基础。
四、课程的重点和难点
见课程内容与考核要求。
Ⅱ 考核目标
本大纲在考核目标中，按照识记、领会、应用三个层次规定其应达到的能力层次要求。三个能力层次是递进关系，各能力层次的含义是：
1、识记：能知道有关的名词、概念、知识的含义，并能正确认识和表述，是低层次的要求。
2、领会：在识记的基础上，能全面把握基本概念、基本原理、基本方法，能掌握有关概念、原理、方法的区别与联系，是较高层次的要求。
3、应用：在理解的基础上，能运用基本概念、基本原理、基本方法联系学过的多个知识点分析和解决有关的理论问题和实际问题，是最高层次的要求。
Ⅲ 课程内容与考核要求
第一单元 商务英语写作规范 Unit 1 BUSINESS STYLE
一、学习目的与要求
本单元主要讲述英语应用文中最重要的部分商务英语写作的基本概念，商务英文写作的文体风格，语言特点。要求学生掌握应用文，特别是商务英语写作所要求的“5 C”基本原则，即Clarity清楚, Conciseness简洁, Correctness正确, Concreteness具体, 和Courtesy礼貌。同时，还要求学生了解商务英语写作的组织步骤。
二、课程内容（考试内容）
1. 5Cs’Principle of Business Writing
Clarity Conciseness
Correctness Concreteness Courtesy
2． Organization of Business Letter
Introduction Body Closing
三、考核知识点与考核要求 识记：5C原则
clarity（清晰性）conciseness（简洁性）correctness（正确性） concreteness（具体性）courtesy（礼貌性） 应用：5C原则指导下的商务英语写作 四、本章关键问题
商务英语写作的基本要求。
第二单元 信函格式 Unit 2 LETTER FORMAT
一、学习目的与要求
本单元主要介绍商务信函的组成要素、格式、写作要求和英文信封的写法以及打印方式。要求学生能够：
1．掌握商务信函的组成部分及格式与布局。 2．掌握不同格式下商务信函各组成部分的位置。
3．掌握商务信函中日期、地址、称呼、结尾敬语的写法。 4．熟悉商务信函的撰写与普通信函的异同。 5．掌握英文商务书信信封的写法。 二、课程内容
Structure of a Business Letter 商务书信结构
Letterhead, Date, Inside Name and Address, Attention Line, Salutation, Subject line, Body, Complimentary Closing, Signature, Reference, Enclosure, Carbon Copy.
2. The Layout of a Business Letter 商务书信格式
Full-Block, Blocked, Semi-Blocked, Simplified. 3. Addressing an Envelope 信封写法
三、考核知识点与考核要求
识记：英文商务书信格式和组成部分。
应用：书写格式正确完整的英文商务书信，以及信封。 四、本章关键问题
英文商务书信格式和组成部分。
第三单元 建立商业关系
Unit 3 ESTABLISHING BUSINESS RELATIONS
一、学习目的与要求
了解写作建立商业关系信函的目的，了解建立商业关系的几种常用途径。掌握建立贸易关系信函的写法、相关术语和表达以及一些常用语句。掌握公司介绍的方法。
二、课程内容（考试内容） 1．Introduction
Purpose of establishing business relations Company Introduction a) Opening b) Body c) Closing 3. Sample Letters
4. Useful Sentences and Expressions: 三、考核知识点与考核要求
识记： ① 什么是商务贸易关系，建立商贸关系的重要性；
② 建立商贸关系信函的写法； ③ 如何进行公司介绍。
应用： 写作建立商务贸易关系的信函。 四、本章关键问题
如何写好建立商务关系的信函，如何介绍公司单位。
2．Structure of the letter of establishing business relations
第四单元 询问信函 Unit 4 REQUEST LETTERS
一、学习目的与要求
了解询问求助信函的写作目的，掌握写作技巧和策略，写作询问求助信函常用语以及回复函的写法。能够以买家或求助者的角色写询问信函，寻求各种信息或帮助。掌握有关询问商品价格及答复的各种商业术语和表达方法。 二、课程内容 1．Introduction
Inquiry
Inquiry Reply
2．Structure
a) Opening b) Body c) Closing 3. Sample Letters
4. Useful Sentences and Expressions 三、考核知识点与考核要求
识记：询问信的写作目的和要素。要求出口商报价和回复报价的常用术语。 应用：根据要求，写出格式正确，信息完整，语言清晰简洁的询价信函和回复函。 四、本章关键问题
询问信及询价信函的写作目的和要素及常用术语。
第五单元 报盘与还盘信函
Unit 5 QUOTATION, OFFER AND COUNTER-OFFER
一、学习目的与要求
了解国际商业贸易中有关商品报价实盘和虚盘的区别，报盘的组成部分，报盘的各种条款。掌握对外贸易信函中报盘的相关表达方法，常用术语。 二、课程内容（考试内容） 1．Introduction
Quotation and Offer
Firm Offer and Non-firm Offer Counter-Offer 2．Structure
a) Opening
b) Body c) Closing 3. Terms and Conditions
a) Terms of price b) Terms of payment
4．Sample Letters
4. Useful Sentences and Expressions: 三、考核知识点与考核要求
识记： 报价Quotation, 实盘Firm Offer, 虚盘Non-firm Offer, 返盘Counter-Offer, 报价条款 Terms and Conditions (FOB, CIF, C&F, L/C, etc.) 应用： 根据要求，写出格式正确，信息完整，语言清晰简洁的报价、报盘和返盘等国际贸易信函。 四、本章关键问题
报价Quotation, 实盘Firm Offer, 虚盘Non-firm Offer, 返盘Counter-Offer, 报价条款。
第六单元 订购与合同
Unit 6 ORDER AND CONTRACT
一、 学习目的与要求
了解国际贸易中订货信函的主要内容，掌握此类信函的典型句型和常用表达。掌握订单的相关知识和写作方法；了解怎样进行订单、确认订单、取消订单；掌握与订单相关的重点词汇和词句。了解定购合同和销售合同的内容和书写格式，掌握相关的内容及常用的固定搭配及惯用语句。 二、课程内容（考试内容） 1．Introduction
Placing Order Purchasing Order Order Acknowledgement Sales Confirmation 2．Structure
a) Opening b) Body c) Closing
3. Sample Letters
4. Useful Sentences and Expressions 三、考核知识点与考核要求
识记：订货信函的主要内容，订单，确认订单以及合同的书写格式，常用语句。 应用：根据要求写出格式正确，信息完整，语言清晰简洁的订货信函、订单、确认订单和合同。 四、本章关键问题
订货信函的主要内容，订单，确认订单以及合同的书写格式。
第七单元 支付与催款
Unit 7 PAYMENT AND COLLECTION LETTERS
一、学习目的与要求
熟悉并掌握不同的付款方式：付款交单、承兑交单、信用证方式付款。 熟练掌握信用证付款方式的有关知识和写作方法。掌握与付款、催款相关的重点词汇和表达方式。
二、课程内容（考试内容） 1．Payment
Remittance 汇付 Collection 托收 Letter of Credit 信用证
Credit Application Letters 信用申请信函 2．Collection Letters 催款函 3. Sample Letters
4. Useful Sentences and Expressions 三、考核知识点与考核要求 本单元不作为考核内容。 四、本章关键问题
不同的付款方式；信用申请信函的内容与写作方法；催款函的主要内容和写
作方法。
第八单元 投诉、索赔与理算
Unit 8 COMPLAINTS, CLAIMS AND ADJUSTMENTS
一、学习目的与要求
了解投诉、索赔和理赔的前提、内容及方式。掌握投诉、索赔和理赔中的相关术语、语言特征和表达技巧。掌握投诉、索赔和理赔的信函结构，写作方法和英语常用语句。
二、课程内容（考试内容） 1．Complaints 投诉
a) Complaint about delay
b) Complaint about broken merchandise c) Complaint about poor packing d) Complaint about missing goods
2．Claims 索赔
a) Claim about irregularity with order b) Claim about defects in merchandise
3. Adjustments 理赔
a) Granting adjustment b) Grating partial adjustment c) Refusing adjustment
4. Sample Letter Study
4. Useful Sentences and Expressions: 三、考核知识点与考核要求
识记： ① 投诉的原因、投诉信函的写作目的和写作方法。
② 索赔的原因、索赔信函的写作目的和写作方法。 ③ 理赔的种类与方法，理赔信函的写作要点。
应用：根据要求写出格式正确、信息完整、语言清晰简洁、语气适当的投诉、索赔和理赔信函。 四、本章关键问题
投诉、索赔和理赔信函写作的内容及方法。
第九单元 推销信函 Unit 9 SALES LETTERS
一、学习目的与要求
了解推销信函的内容、写作特点以及推销信函写作的基本结构要求。掌握推销信的内涵与功能、语言特征、文本格式、推销信常用语句。 二、课程内容（考试内容） 1．Introduction
Purpose of Sales Letter Four essential elements Follow-up Letter
2．Structure and Writing Suggestions
a) Opening b) Body c) Closing 3. Sample Letter.
4. Useful Sentences and Expressions 三、考核知识点与考核要求 识记： ①推销信函的类型和功能；
②推销信函的结构特征；
③推销信函的写作技巧和常用语句。
应用：根据要求写出格式正确、信息完整、语言清晰简洁、有说服力的推销信函。 四、本章关键问题
推销信函的基本要素和功能，销售信函的写作方法，推销信函常用语句。
第十单元 求职信与求职简历
Unit 10 JOB APPLICATION AND RESUME
一、学习目的与要求
了解写作求职信和求职简历的主要内容、格式规范等基本要求，掌握求职信和求职简历以及与求职相关的信函写作方法，信函结构和语言特征，掌握英文求
职信函常用语句。
二、课程内容（考试内容） 1．Application Letters
What is a good application letter?
a) Attract the reader’s attention
b) Interest the reader in you as a prospective employee. c) Make the reader want to hire you d) Lead to a personal interview
Writing Suggestions Sample Letters 2．Resume
Formats and Contents Samples
3. Letters of Reference and Recommendation 4. Useful Sentences and Expressions 三、考核知识点与考核要求
识记： ①求职信的写作目的与主要内容；
②求职简历的内容构成和常见格式； ③求职信函常用语句。
应用： ①写作语法正确，格式规范的个人简历；
②写作格式正确、信息完整、语言清晰简洁、有说服力的求职信函。
四、本章关键问题
求职信的写作目的与主要内容，求职简历的内容构成和常见格式。
第十一单元 社交信
Unit 11 SOCIAL BUSINESS LETTERS
一、学习目的与要
了解常用社交信函的写作目的和类型，社交信函的功能以及基本要求。了解致谢信、祝贺信、邀请信、请柬、公告、慰问信等的写作方法。掌握商务社交信
函的范畴、语言特征、文本格式、国际通行的社交惯例、常用社交信函用语。 二、课程内容
1. Letter of Thanks （致谢信） Writing Suggestions
Sample Letter
2. Letter of Congratulations （祝贺信）
Writing Suggestions Sample Letter
3. Invitations （邀请信、请柬） Formal Invitation Informal Invitation 4. Announcements （公告）
5. Letter of Condolence or Sympathy （吊唁或慰问信）
Writing Suggestions Sample Letter
6. Useful Sentences and Expressions 三、考核知识点与考核要求 识记： ①致谢信；
②祝贺信； ③邀请信和请柬； ④社交信函常用语句。
应用： 根据要求写出格式正确、信息完整、语言清晰简洁、语气适当，体现社交礼仪的商务社交信函（致谢信、祝贺信、邀请信和请柬）。 四、本章关键问题
商务社交信函的类型与功能，各种社交信函的写法，语言特征，格式规范。
第十二单元 备忘录和会议记录 Unit 12 MEMOS AND MINUTES
一、学习目的与要求
了解备忘录或便函，会议记录的功能，了解其内涵、特点、要素、使用范围。掌握备忘录和会议记录的规范格式和写作基本要求，掌握备忘录和会议记录的写作方法。 二、课程内容
1．Interoffice Memos 备忘录 (便函)
The Purpose of Writing a Memo Memo Format Organization of Memo Sample Memos Writing Suggestions 2．Minutes 会议记录
Writing Suggestions Sample Minutes 三、考核知识点与考核要求
识记： ①备忘录的格式，组成部分，语言特点；
②会议记录的格式和构成部分； ③备忘录与会议记录常用语。
应用：写作格式规范、语言简洁、内容完整的备忘录和会议记录。 四、本单元关键问题
备忘录或商务便函和会议记录的功能、特点、要素、使用范围、文本格式和写作方法。
第十三单元 报告
Unit 13 BUSINESS REPORTS
一、学习目的与要求
了解商业报告的特点，了解商务报告的不同类型和结构，区分信息式报告和分析式报告，了解正式报告和非正式报告的构成要素及其差别。掌握商业报告写作的方法和基本结构要求，掌握英文商务报告常用语句。
二、课程内容
1．The Parts of a Report 报告的组成部分
Memo or letter of transmission Table of contents
List of tables and illustration Acknowledgements Summary Body of the report Recommendations Appendixes
2．Kinds of Report 报告的类型
Informational report Analytical report
3. Formats of Reports 报告的格式
Report in memo form Report in letter form Short informal report Long formal report
4. Writing Suggestions 三、考核知识点与考核要求 本单元不作为考核内容。 四、本章关键问题
商务报告的主要类型和文本特征。
Ⅳ 关于大纲的说明与考核实施要求
一、自学考试大纲的目的和作用
课程自学考试大纲是根据专业自学考试计划的要求，结合自学考试的特点而确定。其目的是对个人自学、社会助学和课程考试命题进行指导和规定。
课程自学考试大纲明确了课程学习的内容以及深广度，规定了课程自学考试的范围和标准。因此，它是编写自学考试教材和辅导书的依据，是社会助学组织
进行自学辅导的依据，是自学者学习教材、掌握课程内容知识范围和程度的依据，也是进行自学考试命题的依据。
二、课程自学考试大纲与教材的关系
课程自学考试大纲是进行学习和考核的依据，教材是学习掌握课程知识的基本内容与范围，教材的内容是大纲所规定的课程知识和内容的扩展与发挥。课程内容在教材中可以体现一定的深度或难度，但在大纲中对考核的要求一定要适当。
大纲与教材所体现的课程内容应基本一致；大纲里面的课程内容和考核知识点，教材里一般也要有。反过来教材里有的内容，大纲里就不一定体现。（注：如果教材是推荐选用的，其中有的内容与大纲要求不一致的地方，应以大纲规定为准。）
三、关于自学教材
《新编商务英语写作教程》，王晓英、杨靖主编，东南大学出版社，版。
四、关于自学要求和自学方法的指导
本大纲的课程基本要求是依据专业考试计划和专业培养目标而确定的。课程基本要求还明确了课程的基本内容，以及对基本内容掌握的程度。基本要求中的知识点构成了课程内容的主体部分。因此，课程基本内容掌握程度、课程考核知识点是高等教育自学考试考核的主要内容。
为有效地指导个人自学和社会助学，本大纲已指明了课程的重点和难点，在章节的基本要求中一般也指明了章节内容的重点和难点。
四、自学方法指导
1、在开始阅读指定教材某一单元之前，先翻阅大纲中有关这一单元的考核知识点及对知识点的能力层次要求和考核目标，以便在阅读教材时做到心中有数，有的放矢。
2、阅读教材时，要逐段细读，逐句推敲，集中精力，吃透每一个知识点，对基本概念必须深刻理解，对基本理论必须彻底弄清，对基本方法必须牢固掌握。 3、在自学过程中，既要思考问题，也要做好阅读笔记，把教材中的基本概念、原理、方法等加以整理，这可从中加深对问题的认知、理解和记忆，以利于突出
重点，并涵盖整个内容，可以不断提高自学能力。
4、完成书后作业和适当的辅导练习是理解、消化和巩固所学知识，培养分析问题、解决问题及提高能力的重要环节，在做练习之前，应认真阅读教材，按考核目标所要求的不同层次，掌握教材内容，在练习过程中对所学知识进行合理的.回顾与发挥，注重理论联系实际和具体问题具体分析，解题时应注意培养逻辑性，
针对问题围绕相关知识点进行层次（步骤）分明的论述或推导，明确各层次（步骤）间的逻辑关系。 五、应考指导
1. 如何学习
Man’s life is a process of growing up,actually I’m standing here is a a person’s life must constituted by various choices,then I grow up along with these I hope I can study in a college in future,however that’s passed,as you know I e here,now I wonder what the future holds for me.
When I e to this school,I told to myself: this my near future,all starts I will learn to bee a man,a integrated man,who has a fine body,can take on important task,has independent thought,an open mind,intensive thought,has the ability to judge right and wrong,has a perfect job.
Once my teacher said :” you are not sewing,you are stylist; never forget which you should lay out to people is your thought,not craft.” I will put my personality with my interest and ability into my study,during these process I will bine learning with I can achieve this “future”,I think that I really grow I deeply believe kindred,good-fellowship and love will perfection and happy in the future.
学习重点
英语是一种语言，任何语言都是由词和句子构成的，所以光会了词，不会把这些词组成句子是不行的，因此怎么组成句子呢?得知道组成句子的规则，还有一些习惯用法，你必须要了解这种语言的文化，所以说学英语光学词是不行的，因此是除了学词以外还得学词的用法以及文化，习惯用法就是一种文化，死背根本记不住。为什么记不住?背的这个词应该是灵活的，怎么灵活呢?这个词首先要知道词性是什么，做个句子，学了一个词不会做句子造一个短语，还要大声的念，李阳疯狂英语为什么风靡全国，就是要把词大声地念出来，这样从耳朵里能够听进去的，对大脑的刺激比眼睛里看见的要强得多，所以学习词汇的一个技巧要大声念，要组一个词或者组一个短语，这样记忆比光看两遍、写几遍要好得多。
自考英语写作基础总结
自考的英语专业是一门很考基础的专业。但是想要顺利通过还需要做一些努力，下面请看自考英语写作基础总结！
自考英语写作基础总结
1.学习英语或任何外语的最基本的方法是什么或怎样才能高效率的学习英语？
答：是熟练或熟习，自考英语诀窍大总结。想想我们的母语，你就会明白，我们从小并未特意学习却能进行自由的交流靠的就是不断的听别人说和模仿而自然获得的一种技能。这种技能已经深深扎根于我们的大脑之中，成为我们的天性。因此，对于母语，我们不需太多的学习，不需刻意去听就能听的懂，不用分析就能明白那些高难的句子，就是因为母语已经成为我们的一种习惯，可以即听即懂，可以随意发挥，随心所欲。对于学习外语也同样是这样，需要把陌生的单词片语和句型不断的熟悉和熟练，使之成为我们的一种习惯，把她变成我们的第二天性。这样你就可以比较自由的驾驭一门外语了。因此，重复重复再重复，熟练熟练再熟练，是掌握一门外语的不二法门。
2.怎样或用什么方法才能最大程度的熟练或熟习英语？
答：这个问题可能因人而异。因为有人对听敏感一些，而有些人则对阅读更感兴趣。就我的经验来看，多听可能是比较现实的一种方法。因为说和写是一种对语言的再创造，是一种输出。他们需要有大量的输入，即听和读来做为基础。而听可以增加我们对语音的熟悉程度，增强语感，减少记忆的难度。我们在学习母语时往往已知道一个词的发音和词义，而不知如何拼写。学外语则不同，这三方面我们往往都不知道，需要逐一记忆。这也是我们学习外语比学习母语困难的一大原因。所以从听入手可以减少语音方面的记忆困难，集中精力对付词义和拼写。另一方面随身听，MP3等也为随时听外语提供了方便条件。平常可以进行泛听，有时间就要把泛听中没听懂的逐一找出，进行必要的记忆。对于那些看文本认识，却未听出的地方，就是你听力方面的薄弱环节，要定期总结归纳吸取教训。看是由于自己发音不准，还是片语句型不熟造成的。针对弱点要集中予以克服。
3.背诵对于学习英语必要吗？
答：很有必要。因为背诵是一种对语言最大的熟练方式，只不过由于背诵往往是一种短期的，记忆时间稍长就会忘记。虽然背过的内容我们可能忘记，但对英语的句型和习惯用法则不会彻底忘记。通过背诵，会潜移默化的影响我们对语言习惯的认同。只要时常对背过的文章听一听读一读，把短期记忆转化成长期，记忆效果会更佳。推荐阅读：
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