在执行上级党组织决定方面存在的问题及整改措施范文(通用6篇)
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在执行上级党组织决定方面存在的问题及整改措施范文(通用6篇)
2023-06-15
2023-06-27
2023-03-18
2023-07-05
2023-07-06
阅读理解五级的目标部分描述如下：
1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；
2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；
3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；
4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；
5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；
6、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上(上海的要求更高一些，30万词以上)所谓阅读能力是指视读能力、理解能力和对所读材料的评价能力。
阅读理解考查的项目大多是根据这三种能力的要求设计的。下面，我们来看看中考阅读理解的题型。
中考试题中的阅读文章题材多样(涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理、科学技术等各个方面)，体裁形式丰富(包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等)，这就需要考生在*时对各方面的知识都有所积累，迎合中考命题趋势。
阅读理解主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。在阅读技巧上，考生要了解文章的个别词或句子、文章的某细节或情节、文章的主题、文章的背景知识、文章的结论或结局、文章内涵的`寓意等。
从问题设置上可以将问题总结为四种类型：
(一)直接题目：这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。
(二)理解性问题：要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子做出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。
1.保持良好的精神状态。良好的精神状态对于考场上的考生来说非常重要。因为只有在心理放松的情况下，考生的精力才能够集中，思维才会敏捷，从而才能将自己的真实水*发挥出来。
2.抓住中心句。阅读短文之前，先看短文是否有标题。若有，应给予高度重视。因为标题是文章主题的高度凝聚，它能给我们启发和想象，有利于加深对短文的理解，从而提高做题效率。另外，在没有标题的情况下，应充分重视短文的首、尾句。因为大多数文章都是按照“总---分---总”的结构布局的。据统计，英语中有60%-90%的主题句位于段首和段尾，短文的其他文字往往是对这些中心句的解释和说明。
3.克服不良习惯，提高阅读速度。由于考试的时间有限，在保证不出偏差的前提下，一定要尽可能地提高阅读速度。倘若能注意克服以下不良习惯，就可以大大提高阅读速度：①心读。考场上不能出声阅读，于是有的考生就在心里读，有时考生的嘴唇也在动。这是非常不好的习惯，一定要下决心克服。因为这样做会直接制约着阅读速度的提高;②回视(指重新阅读上文)。阅读中的回视是一种无效劳动，所以应一口气把文章读完，尽量不要回视。这坏习惯是慢慢形成的，不是一朝一夕就能克服掉的。在*时的学习中就应当引起注意并加以克服;③一个词一个词地看。阅读时，视线应从左向右跳跃式移动，着重扫描意群，同时注意意群中的重要单词，以寻求主要的语言信息。可将冠词、系动词、助动词及不定式符号等小品词一扫而过，不可一词不漏地全部都看一遍;④只读不记。正确的做法是：一边阅读一边用笔记下或标出那些与文后所设问题有关的信息。这样，在做题时就用不着重新查阅短文，至少不用一句一句地再寻找那些隐约有印象的信息，从而可以节省一些时间。
Is there an important exam right around the comer? You might be starting tofear, thinking that there' s no way for you to get a good grade because of thelittle time left to study. This is something all students may worry about. Butyou should accept the fact that you have to take the
exam no matter how much you want to avoid it.
Thankfully, there are several ways to help you get at least a passinggrade. You may have a try.
Get yourself together.
This might sound like silly advice, but it's actually the most you fear, you may lose control over your thoughts and actions Even if youtry to study, perhaps you won’t get anything in your head.
Enjoy enough sleep.
It's unbelievable many students have little sleep each night. That’s notsomething to be proud of, especially if you're sleeping so little and stillfailing to do all the things Sleep isn't for the weak, but for the wise. Yourbrain needs enough rest. After a good night's sleep, you'll perform much betterin the morning.
Don’t fear.
Once the test paper is in front of you don't be afraid. Take a deep breathand start the exam with confidence(信心). Just like when you were reviewing, putaway the problems you’re having difficulty in and come back to them later. Ifyou have time left, go over everything to make sure you haven’t made anycareless mistakes.
41. In the writers opinion, whenever there's an importantexam,___________.
A. students might experience a period of fear
B. students will have little time to worry
C. students should try everything possible to avoid it
D. students have to ask teachers for more help
42. The writer describes _get yourself together_ as silly advicebecause___________.
A. it won't influence your thoughts
B. it is one of the common senses
C. it is not the most important suggestion
D. it won’t help you get anything in your head
43. Enough sleep before an important exam is____________.
A. the pride of the weak
B. not something to be proud of
C. not necessary for the wise
D. a way to avoid failing in exams
44. When you meet with difficult problems in the exam, youcan__________.
A. give them up and take a deep breath
B. think hard and review them once again
C. put them away first and come back later
D. just trust yourself and look through the paper
45. According to the passage, you may get at least the passing grade if____________.
A. you fear nothing
B. you follow the writer's advice
C. the problems are not difficult
D. the preparation time lasts longer
Advertisers Perform a Useful Service to the Community
Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. ‘It’s iniquitous,’ they say, ‘that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays…’
The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.
Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.
We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!
Another thing we mustn’t forget is the ‘small ads.’ which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the ‘hatch, match and dispatch’ column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or ‘agony’ column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is!
1. What is main idea of this passage?
A. Advertisement.
B. The benefits of advertisement.
C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.
D. The costs of advertisement.
2. The attitude of the author toward advertisers is
A. appreciative.
B. trustworthy.
C. critical.
D. dissatisfactory.
3. Why do the critics criticize advertisers?
A. Because advertisers often brag.
B. Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”.
C. Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary.
D. Because customers pay more.
4. Which of the following is Not True?
A. Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything.
B. We can buy what we want.
C. Good quality products don’t need to be advertised.
D. Advertisement makes our life colorful.
5. The passage is
A. Narration.
B. Description.
C. Criticism.
D. Argumentation.
答案详解
1. 题型特点
该题型最大的两个特点：(1)文章中往往没有答题的依据;(2)一旦文中有依据，往往A,B,C,D表面上都对，很难判断谁是谁非。
正确项特点：
(1)不是文中明确说明的内容，因为即使符合原文，没有引申或归纳总结的内容就不是正确选项; (2)如果四个选项全能凭常识判断，其中含义深刻的是正确选项，有时唯一不是常识项的是正确选项。
干扰项的特点：
(1)只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当成间接推理;
(2)看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符，例如把原文的原因变成了选项中的结果，把原文的手段变成了选项中的目的;
抓住三错一对的关系，即有三个选项与原文相矛盾，只有一个符合原文的意思。
2. 标志
题干中出现下列词汇之一：infer，conclude，im*，suggest，learn等。
3. 命题模式
推理引申题题干中常有infer，im*，suggest，deduce，indicate，conclude等词出现，常见的命题模式有：
(1) It can be inferred from the first paragraph that…
(2) Which of the following can(not)be inferred from the passage? (3) The author indicates in the passage that 。 (4) It can be concluded from the passage that 。 (5) We can infer(assume ,deduce) that。
(6) By…the author implied (suggests, indicates) that。
4. 做题关键
返回原文，将选项与原文一一进行比较。
5. 做题步骤
推理题的答案一般是这么编写的：
(1) 将原文的某句话换个说法，如换成同义词。
(2) 将原文几句话或一段话归纳一下，就是说以段落主题或句群的论点为答案。
(3) 由构成对比的一方推断另一方。如果原文中提到两个事物，二者形成对比，而且已知其中一个事物的特点，那么可以推断另一事物的特点。所以，找推理题的答案时要特别注意原文表示对比、比较或有转折的地方，这些往往是出推理题的地方。
(1)、词汇题表现形式
词汇题一般会明确地告诉考生出题点在哪里，不需要考生查找所考查内容。它可以考一个单词的含义，一个词组的意思，或者考一个句子的弦外之音。
(2)、词汇题解题方法
词汇题是考生得分率较低的一类题，因为它需要考生从上下文中进行分析，推敲单词背后的意思。问单词或词组的意思，加强调上下文逻辑分析;有时用转折逻辑，但更多是利用并列逻辑，比如1997年1月份考题，
原文：This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.
60. “Shadowland”in the last sentence refers to .
A) the wonderland one often dreams about
B) the bright future that one is looking forward to
C) the state of uncertainty before one's final goal is reached
D) a world that exists only in one's imagination
此题解法有多种，其中可以利用并列关系来求解。首先，and后面的句子告诉我们“任何有梦想的人必须要学会在那里生活”，这暗含了“那里”不好的环境。再从and可知，两个分句的逻辑是一致的，据此Shadowland也应该是不利的环境，故选择C项。
考句子的含义，查找答案的方向还得做一个细分：如果句子简单，一般在上下文中寻找答案;如果句子复杂，则更加倾向于在句子内部找答案。
(3)、词汇题注意点
如果考简单单词，正确答案会与该单词的常用意思没有多大关系;如果考难词，感觉很难有分析的线索时，就把四个选项代到原文中，使得原文逻辑正确，意思同学的为正确答案;如果考句子的含义而导致分析完全没有思路时，不妨结合文章问题来分析，可以体现主题，或与主题的逻辑一致，一般就是答案。
A friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present. On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office, a street urchin (顽童) was walking around the shining car. “Is this your car, Paul?” he asked.
Paul answered, “Yes, my brother gave it to me for Christmas.” The boy was surprised. “You mean your brother gave it to you and it cost you nothing? Boy, I wish…” He hesitated (犹豫).
Of course Paul knew what he was going to wish for. He was going to wish he had a brother like that. But what the boy said surprised Paul greatly.
“I wish,” the boy went on, “that I could be a brother like that.” Paul looked at the boy in surprise, and then he said again, “Would you like to take a ride in my car?”
“Oh yes, I’d love that.”
After a short ride, the boy turned around with his eyes shining, said, “Paul, would you mind driving in front of my house?”
Paul smiled a little. He thought he knew what the boy wanted. He wanted to show his neighbors that he could ride home in a big car. But Paul was wrong again. “Will you stop where those two steps are?” the boy asked.
He ran up to the steps. Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast. He was carrying his little crippled (残疾的) brother. He sat him down on the step and pointed to the car.
“There he is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn’t cost him a cent. And some day I’m going to give you one just like it…then you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas windows that I’ve been trying to tell you about.”
Paul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car. The shining-eyed elder brother climbed in beside him and the three of them began an unforgettable holiday ride.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
1. The street urchin was very surprised when ________.
A. Paul told him about the car
B. he was walking around the car
C. he saw the shining car
2. From the story we can see the urchin ________.
A. wished to give his brother a car
B. wanted Paul’s brother to give him a car
C. wished he could have a brother like Paul’s
3. The urchin asked Paul to stop his car in front of his house ________.
A. to show his neighbors the big car
B. to show he had a rich friend
C. to tell his brother about his wish
4. We can infer(推断) from the story that ________.
A. Paul couldn’t understand the urchin
B. the urchin had a deep love for his brother
C. the urchin wished to have a rich brother
5. The best name of the name story is _________.
A. A Christmas Present
B. A Street Urchin
C. A Brother Like That
参考答案：
中考英语阅读理解及解析3篇（扩展9）
——英语四级阅读理解的题型解析 (菁选2篇)
英国餐饮文化
English breakfast is a very big meal-eggs，tomatoes，tea，coffee....
For many people lunch is a quick cities there are a lot of sandwich bars，where office workers can buy the kind of bread they want- brown，white，or a roll(小圆面包)-and then all kinds of salad(色拉)and meat or fish to go in the children can have a hot meal at many just take a sandwich，a drink and some fruit from home.
_Tea_means two is a drink and a meal!Some people have afternoon tea，with sandwiches，cakes and a cup of tea.
They usually have the evening meal quite early，between 6：00 and 8：00，and often all the family eat together.
On Sundays many families have a traditional(传统的) have chicken，pork...with potatoes，vegetables...
The Englishmen like food from other countries，too，especially(特别地)French，Chinese， Italian and often get take-away food-they buy the food outside and then bring it home to eat.
根据短文内容及首字母提示在下列各句中的空处填入适当的词。
England many people have a b________ breakfast and a q________ unch.
are many sandwich bars in c________ and o________ w________ can buy sandwiches there.
England_tea_can mean a d________ and a m________ .
lasts(持续)about t________ h________ .
people often buy t________ f________ .They buy some outside and bring it home.
参考答案：
，quick
，office workers
，meal
hours
food
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