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英文写作：自我介绍
Good morning, teachers. I am glad to be able to enter this competition. My name is Guan Xiaoyu. I’m from Fu’an middle school. I’m 15 years old. I’m a lively girl. I have many friends. I ’m getting on well with them. I’m very like English and I like listening the English songs. I study English very hard. There is a story about my life. The story title is “Believe in yourself”。
When I was 12, I was too nervous to talk to anyone. My classmate often laughed at me. I was so inferiority. Later, some things happened. It changed my life. It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. But I think it is impossible and I can’t do it.“Come on, girl. Believe in yourself. You are sure to beat everyone. You can do it. ” my mother said. Her words give me courage. When I were free, I just practice my English speech. With my mother’s great love, I did well in the contest. I could hardly believe my ears when the news came that I had won the contest. My mother hugged me and I was so excited that I cried loudly. Since then, when I do anything, I try to tell myself to be sure and believe in myself. Confidence can help you succeed. Confidence can help you succeed. My speech over. Thank you.
Here are some instructions and suggestions.
May I suggest that we meet at the gate of the university?
I'd like to suggest you should visit London for at least two days on your way to Scotland.
Considering your present situation, I propose that you should apply for the post.
What I want to suggest is ...
My suggestion is that. . .
If you. .. , you had better. . .
I would like to apply for . . .
I wish to apply for the position of . . .
If you need any other information concerning my background, . . .
I am writing to you to apply for admittance to your university as a visiting scholar.
I hope it would be possible for me to take some training courses and work in your laboratory.
I believe that with your help I would make progress in my career.
Should you think favorably of my application, kindly grant me an interview.
An early response will be very much appreciated.
Enclosed please find a resume and a list of my publications.
写作手法英文
写作手法英文你知道哪些，以下的写作手法英文，希望对大家有用。
高考英语满分作文模板——归纳结论段【1】
【示例一】
①Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that ________(得出结论). ②The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that ________(给出原因).③It is high time that we ________(发出倡议).
【示例二】
①Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that ________(结论). ②And with the above content, it will show more profound significance in ________(进一步总结).
高考英语满分作文模板——现象/现状说明段【2】
【示例一】
①With the rapid advances of ________ in recent years, ________has ________(引出现象). ②However, ________has ________, as ________(提出问题). ③As a result, ________(指出影响),which has aroused close social attention from all walks of life.
【示例二】
①With the rapid development of science and technology (electronic industry/higher education), more and more people come to realize that ________(引出现象). ②It is estimated, over the past decade, that ________(用具体数据说明现象).
高考英语满分作文模板——观点阐释段【3】
【示例一】
①Nowadays, a heated debate about ________(主题)is under way in China. ②A close inspection of this argument would reveal how flimsy (groundless)it is. ③As a matter of fact, ________(进一步说明).
【示例二】
①While the rhythm/pace/tempo of people’s living is speeding up, one of the topics many city residents are discussing is ________(主题). ②As part of domestic modernization, ________ needs to be developed urgently in china, for ________(进一步说明).
“ Hamlet ” of Shakespear is a classical representative work。 This bookcertainly does not have the big difference in the superficial plot with thehistorical fable， spoke or the Danish prince the story which revenged for thefather， in which fills the rank smell of blood violence and dies。Just like thedramatis personae Horatio said: “ you may hear to to rape massacre， the unusualrepair behavior， the dark center decision， accidental slaughter， borrows thehand murder ， as well as falls into suicide result。” Windingly elects the plot，tightly centers on the revenge to launch。 Hamlet Wittenberg hurries back thehome in a hurry from Germany， is attends his father's funeral， 99。，enables himto accept， he not catches up with father's funeral， actually witnessed themother and the Uncle Claudius' wedding ceremony， this had caused Hamm the Wrightsuspicion at the heart， added night above meets in the royal palace castle withfather's ghost， the ghost sorrow sued， this pile atrocity was Uncle
Hamlet the behavior， and wanted him to revenge for the father。To this， hestarted the difficult revenge course， launched the life and death contest withClaudius。 Finally， sent out sword the revenge to Claudius。
Dear sir/madam：
On [date], we will host an evening of celebration in honor of the retirement of [name], president of [company].You are cordially invited to attend the celebration at [hotel], [location], on [date] from to .[name] has been the president of [company] since [year]. During this period, [company] expanded its business from to . Now it’s our opportunity to thank him for his years of exemplary leadership and wish him well for a happy join us to say good-bye to [name].
See you on [date].
Yours sincerely
[name]
[title]
[英文邀请函写作模板推荐]
不逼自我一把，你不明白自我到底有多强大
How strong are you?
你有多强大？
That is a tough question to answer， whether you are a man or a woman。
不管你是男人还是女人，这都是个很难回答的问题。
But， really， I want to ask… how do you define your strength?
但是，说实话，我想明白，你是怎样定义力量的呢？
How do you know your limits? How do you know just how much you’ve got?
你是如何了解自我的局限性？你怎样明白你能做到什么程度？
When push es to shove， we often discover that we are much stronger than we think。
当压力来临时，我们会发现我们比想象中要更强大。
What is Strength?
什么是力量？
Strength is not always about pure physical strength。 Rather， it is about willpower。 Discipline。 Drive。 It is about the capacity to get things done。
力量并不仅仅仅指你的肌肉力量，它更多的指的是意志力、训练、动力。是一种能够做好事情的潜力。
I know some people who are intellectually strong， but they get very little done in their jobs。 And I know others who find work extremely challenging， but are able to move mountains by their sheer drive and hard work。
我明白有一些人虽然很聪明，但是他们在工作中能够做好的事情却很少。而另外一些人虽然明白工作很具有挑战性，但他们仍能透过强大的动力和艰苦的工作来移动大山。
They possess inner strength。
他们具有强大的内心力量。
More interesting， is that these productive hard-workers often don’t even notice the load。 Bystanders are not only amazed， but often ask， “How do you do it?”
更搞笑的是，这些十分努力工作的人并没有意识到工作量的巨大。旁观者不仅仅感到很吃惊，而且还经常问，“你是怎样做到的？”
The answer usually es back， “I just work harder than the others。”
经常得到这样的回答，“我只是比别人更努力一些罢了。”
So， why are some people able to do more? What gives them added drive? What gives them extra strength?
所以，为什么有些人就能做到更多？他们的动力是哪里来的呢？是谁给予他们剩余的力量？
Could it be， they have simply given themselves permission to do more?
还是，仅仅是他们自我给自我力量来做到更多？
Self-Imposed Limits
自我强加的局限性
What I have observed is that most people impose their own limits。 They limit their output based on self-framed constraints of their capabilities and strengths。 Sometimes these boundaries are based on past experiences。 Sometimes they are based on perceived capacities。 Sometimes these limits are based on nothing。
据我所观察，很多人都是自我强加给自我的局限性。他们有时候根据潜力和力量自我设定了他们的局限，有时候根据过去的经历设定一些边界，还有的根据想象中的潜力设定，还有些则毫无任何根据就限定了自我的力量。
I can’t do that。 (Why?)
我做不到。（为什么呢？）
That is too much for me。 (How do you know?)
对我来说太难了。（你怎样明白太难？）
I can’t put in that much effort。 (What would happen if you did?)
我做不到那么努力。（如果你做了会怎样样？）
I am not smart enough to solve that。 (Can you be sure if you haven’t tried?)
我不够聪明，解决不了这件事。（你不尝试怎样能如此确定？）
So， how do we break through these limits? How do we get stronger?
所以，怎样才能打破这些局限？怎样才能更强大？
Pushing It…
给自我点压力
Many people are going through the motions， but are nowhere near their limits。
很多人都做出了实际行动，但是从来就没有到达他们的极限。
If you want to be stronger， you have to push your boundaries。
如果你想变得更加强大，你就要打破你的局限。
Pushing it is what it takes to increase your limits。 In the gym， bodybuilders discovered this long ago。 But， the same principle is true when it es to inner strength。 Discipline and drive。
给自我施加压力就能提高你的极限。在体育馆，健身者很早之前就体会到了这一点。所以，同样的原则运用到内心力量方面也是正确的，训练自我，给自我一些动力。
Want to test your limits? Push yourself。 Test your self-perceived constraints to see how accurate they are。 Make sure your goals are slightly beyond what you think can be achieved。
你想挑战你的极限吗？那就给自我点压力。去测试下自我以前的极限到底有多准确。要确定一个能稍微超过力所能及的目标。
You Are Stronger Than You Think
你比自我想象的要强大
Most people underestimate their strength。
很多人低估了自我的潜力。
As you go through your day， challenge your capacity。 Test your limits。
当你过每一天的时候，都要挑战一下你的潜力，测试下自我的极限。
Push yourself， to find your true boundaries and define your strength。
给自我施加点压力，找到你真正的极限，然后定义你的潜力。
When you discover how much you’ve really got， you may surprise even yourself。
当你发现你真正能获取的，你会发现自我都感到不可思议。
What are your self-imposed limits? Which do you need to push? When have you found that you were much stronger than you thought?
你给自我强加的限制是什么？哪一方面需要你增加压力呢？到什么时候你会发现你比想象中要强大呢？
第一段概括说要推荐的内容：I am writing to you torecommend .I have sufficient reasons to introduce this to you and I dare saythis is the best I have ever seen.
第二段叙述推荐的东西的价值，可以从表面和深层两方面来写：This movie/book/city的主题或城市坐落于哪里。What is more, 情节吸引人、里边景色引人入胜。Finally, thismovie will definitely change our attitude toward this world and the peoplearound us. We will learn that......
第三段总结句：Therefore I don’t hesitate to recommend this to you. I am sure you will enjoythe。
To Whom It May Concern:
XXX born in 1991, has finished study in Hunan University of science & technology this year. I am writing with great pleasure to recommend him to work in your honored company.
Among the 30 students in his class,I consider Mr. X is pretty good both on learning ability and from his diligence and acute thinking capability,he is skilled at combining the theoretical knowledge with practice and exploring the solution of problem is good at interpersonal communication and team work which was verified in his daily performance.
Mr. X is a conscientious and thorough student. He prepares every thing very seriously and carefully. He also chosen as Vice-chairman of Student Union from so many during his term of office,the Student Union runs well and hold several major activities for students to his excellence, he gained the scholarship for three years.
Of course he would not forget the duty of a student which is to learn more knowledge and get certificate for the coming his study,his performances were always impressive and know that she will grasp every chance to satisfy his strong desire for am sure you will have no regret in having him as an employee in your company.
If you need any further information,please contact me.
Yours sincerely,
XXX
[英文推荐信写作模板]
一、英文简历撰写注意事项: 1.多用无主句 2.年代顺序由近及远 3.单项标题大写 4.纸张一般为16开或A4 二、英文简历的基本内容 1、个人情况：Name, Sex, Date of Birth, Place of Birth, Permaanent Domicile, Nationality, Martial Status, Children, Religion, Party Affiliation, Health, Height, Weight, Present Address, Permanent Address. 2、职业意向:Objective/or: Position Wanted: A position as English Instructor, preferably handling students from the intermediate to the advanced levels 3、资历: QUALIFICATIONS: Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration, major in marketing. 4、经历(Job Experience）:一般逆序写，
英文写作
Nothing succeeds like confidence。When you are truly confident，it radiates from you like sunlight，and attracts success to you like a magnet。
It's important to believe in yourself。Believe that you can do it under any circumstances，because if you believe you can，then you really will。The belief keeps you searching for answers，which means that pretty soon you will get them。
Confidence is more than an attitude。 It es from knowing exactly where you are going and exactly how you are going to get there。 It es from acting with integrity and confidence。It es from a strong sense of purpose。It es from a strong mitment to take responsibility，rather than just letting life happen。
One way to develop self-confidence is to do the thing you fear and to get a record of successful experiences behind you。
Confidence is passionate and understanding。It is not arrogant。 Arrogance is born out of fear and insecurity，while confidence es from strength and integrity。Confidence is not just believing you can do it。 Confidence is knowing you can do it。Know that you are capable of acplish anything you want，and live your life with confidence。
Anything can be achieved through focused，determined effort and self-confidence。If your life is not what you want it to be，you have the power to change it，and you must make the changes on a moment by moment basis。 Live your priorities。 Live with your goals and your plan of action。 Live each moment with your priorities in mind。 Act with your own purpose，and you will have the life you want。
信心成就一切，当你真正自信时，它就像灿烂的阳光一样从你身上散发出来，就像磁铁一样将成功吸引到你身上。
相信自我十分重要。要相信自我无论在任何状况下都会成功。因为如果你相信你能做到，那么你就真的会做到。这种信念促使你不断的去寻找答案，而不断的探索就意味着你很快就会找到答案。
信心不只是一种态度，它来源于你确切地明白自我要去干什么并且确切地明白怎样去干。它来源于正直和自信地去行动。它来源于强烈的目标感。它来源于强烈地勇于承担职责的许诺，而不是让生命放任自流。
培养自信的一种方法是去做你害怕做的事情，并将它做成功。
信心是富有同情心和善解人意的。它一点都不傲慢自大。傲慢是由于害怕和缺乏安全感才产生的，而信心则出于坚强的决心和诚实正直。信心并不是仅仅认为你可能会成功，而是确信你必须能成功。确信你有潜力实现自我的愿望，并充满信心的生活着。
如果你足够专心、坚决和自信，那么任何事都能做成。如果生活不像你预想的那样，你有力量去改变它，并且你务必一步一步的去实现这些改变。铭记你生命中最重要的事情。有目标并且有计划的去生活。为你的目标而奋斗，你就会拥有自我想要的生活。
Just for today
就为了这天
Just for today I will try to live through this day only and not tackle my whole life problem at once。 I can do something for twelve hours that would appall me if I had to keep it up for a lifetime。
就为了这天，我将尽力只度过这天而不立刻去解决终身的问题。对一件令我沮丧而又务必坚持一辈子的事，我只能坚持十二个小时。
Just for today I will be happy。 This assumes to be true what Abraham Lincoln said，that “Most folks are as happy as they make up their minds to be。”
就为了这天，我会很快乐。亚伯拉罕-林肯说过，“大多数人都是决定想怎样高兴就怎样高兴。”这已经被认为是真理。
Just for today I will adjust myself to what is， and not try to adjust everything to my own desires。 I will take my “luck” as it es。
就为了这天，我会做自我调整适应事物本来的面目，而不是想方设法使每一件事满足自我的欲望。当机会来临的时候我会抓住它。
Just for today I will try to strengthen my mind。 I will study。 I will learn something useful。 I will not be a mental loafer。 I will read something that requires effort， thought and concentration。
就为了这天，我会尽力心强志坚。我会学习，学一些有用的东西。我不会做一个精神上的流浪汉。我会读一些需要努力、思考和注意力集中的东西。
Just for today I will exercise my soul in three ways。 I will do somebody a good turn and not get found out: If anybody knows of it， it will not count。 I will do at least two things I don't want to do—just for exercise。 I will not show anyone that my feelings are hurt: they may be hurt， but today I will not show it。
就为了这天，我会用三种方法来磨炼我的灵魂。我会做对某人有利的事但不能被发现，若有人发现了就不算数。我将会做至少两件我不愿做的事情——只为了磨练。我不会让任何人感到我的感情受到了伤害：它们可能受到了伤害，但这天我不想表现出来。
Just for today I will be agreeable。 I will look as well as I can， dress beingly， talk low， act courteously， criticize not one bit，and try not to improve or regulate anybody but myself。
就为了这天，我会过得很惬意。看起来我到达了最佳状态，穿着得体、讲话谦虚、行为礼貌、一点不吹毛求疵，尽量改善和调节自我而不是别人。
Just for today I will have a program， I may not follow it exactly， but I will have it。 I will save myself from two pests: hurry and indecision。
就为了这天，我会制定一个计划，我也许不会严格地遵守它，但我必须要有计划。我会避免两种错误：仓促行事和优柔寡断。
Just for today I will have a quiet half hour all by myself and relax。 During this half hour， sometime， I will try to get a better perspective of my life。
就为了这天，我将会独自静静地呆上半小时放松。在这半小时里，某个时刻，我会日后对我的生活有个更好的看法。
Just for today I will be unafraid。 Especially I will not be afraid to enjoy what is beautiful，and to believe that as I give to the world， so the world will give to me。
就为了这天，我将不再害怕。尤其我不会再害怕享受美丽的事物，并且相信我给予世界的，世界也会给予我。
Never Too Late to Bee What You Want to Be
The first day of school our professor introduced a little old lady to us。
“Why are you in college at such a young age?” I asked later。 She jokingly replied， “ I'm here to meet a rich husband， get married， have a couple of children， and then retire and travel。”
“No seriously，” I asked。 I was curious what may have motivatedher to be taking on this challenge at her age。 “I always dreamed of having a college education and now I'm getting one!” she told me。
We became instant friends。 Every day for the next three months we would leave class together and tolk nonstop。 I was always listening to this “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me。
At the end of the semester we invited Rose to make a speech to our football team。 I'll never forget what she taught us。 As she began to deliverher prepared speech， she dropped her note card on the floor。 A little embarrassed she simply said， “I'm sorry。 This whiskey is killing me! I'll never get my speech back in order so let me just tell you what I know。” As we laughed she cleared her throat and began:“ We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing。 There are only four secrets to staying young， being happy， and achieving success。 You have to laugh and find humor every day。 You've got to have a dream。 When you lose your dreams， you die。 We have so many people walking around who are dead and don't even know it! There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up。 If you are nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year and don't do one productive thing， you will turn twenty years old。 Anybody can grow older。 That doesn't take any talentor ab
ility。 The idea is to grow up by always finding the opportunity in change。 Have no regrets。 The elderly usually don't have regrets for what we did， but rather for things we did not do。 The only people who fear death are those with regrets。”
At the year's end Rose finished the college degree。 One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep。 Over two thousand college students attended her funeral to honorthe wonderful woman who taught by example that it's never too late to be all you can possibly be。
梦想终有成真时
开学第一天，教授把一位小个子老太太介绍给了我们。
随后我问道，“你为什么这么“年轻”还来读大学?”她开玩笑地回答：“我来这儿是为了认识一个有钱的丈夫，结婚，生几个孩子，然后退休去旅行。”
“不，认真点儿。”我问道。我很好奇，到底是什么东西让她在这个年纪还要理解这样一个挑战。“我一向梦想着上大学，此刻我就在读大学!”她告诉我。
我们立刻成了朋友。在随后的三个月里，我们每一天一齐离开教室，不停地交谈。我总是和历经了岁月沧桑的她一齐分享她的智慧和经验。
期末的时候，我们邀请罗斯给我们的橄榄球队讲话。我永远都不会忘记她教给我们的.东西。就在她要开始进行她事先准备好的演讲时，她把写了要点的卡片掉在了地上。她有点儿尴尬，但只是说，“对不起。这酒可真要命!我没办法再准备好我的讲稿了，就让我把我明白的东西告诉你们吧。”我们笑了起来，她清了清嗓子，开始演讲：“我们并不是因为年老就不再玩耍;我们变老是因为我们不再玩耍。只有四个秘密能够让你持续年轻，快乐，获得成功。你务必每一天都开怀大笑，寻找幽默。你务必有一个梦想。失去了梦想，你就会虽生犹死。我们周围有很多人，他们已经‘死了’，自我却不明白。成长和长大之间有着巨大的差距。如果你此刻19岁，躺在床上整整一年什么都不做，你也还会变成20岁。每一个人都会长大，这不需要任何天赋和潜力。要不断地在变化中寻找机遇，这样才是成长。
不要留有遗憾。老年人通常不会为做过的事遗憾，而是为还没有做过的事情感到遗憾。只有那些有遗憾的人才会怕死。”
年底的时候，罗斯获得了大学学位。毕业一星期后，她在梦中安详地离开了人世。两千多名大学生参加了她的葬礼，来纪念这位透过自我的亲身经历来告诉我们永远都能够成就自我的理想的了不起的老人。
【摘要】考研英语作文的评分，首先关注的就是单词、句子、格式的正确性。因此，在作文的复习中，不能只关注高端句型，正确的格式也是不容忽视的。
写作格式错误主要包括题目的写法、文章的格式、大小写以及标点符号等四个方面。
题目的写法
题目是首先映入读者眼帘的，所以要注意题目的书写位置。一定要在试卷作文纸上的上方中间位置书写。同时还应在话题和正文之间留出一定的距离，即比正文行距稍宽一些。
其次，要注意题目的大小写，实词的首字母一定要大写。其它虚词如冠词、连词（但如连词的字母多于5个时则大写)和介词首字母不需要大写。比如：
跳动的心（例子）
误：Attitudes Toward Money
正：Attitudes toward Money
文章的格式
1、四边留空：卷面的四边一定要留出适当的空白。这样的文章才能整齐、美观，给人以清晰、明快的感觉。
2、空格：文章的每段的首行一定要有统一的空格（一般缩进4-6个字节）。
大小写方面的错误
在考研文章的评改过程中，有关大小写方面的错误层出不穷，这是考生的一个弱点。一般来说，大写规则有以下几条：
1、大写每句话的第一个字母和直接引语的第一字母
如：He said,He is going to Shanghai next week.
2、大写专有名词，或用作专有名词的部分普通名词，通常是缩略形式
如：DrG .G . East
3、大写缩写字母
如：MPA ,MBA ,BBC
4、文章标题要大写
5、头衔在专有名词前要大写，在专有名词后就小写
例如：Captain SmithSmith, the captain；Uncle GeorgeGeorge ,my uncle
标点符号
考生在写文章时，一定要注意正确使用标点符号，切忌从头到尾只用逗号的现象。一定要熟练掌握常用标点符号的基本用法，尤其要正确使用逗号和分号。
三段式作文注意事项
1、作文卷面要保持整洁，不要连笔，不要涂改，这是获取印象分的重点。很多考生由于在考场过于紧张导致作文的单词老是写错，这是致命伤啊，会直接让你越写越没感觉就越没信心了，所以平常要加强练笔！
2、全文的第一句和各段的第一句必须是文章的中心句，最好能用复杂句表达。这是因为阅卷老师一般没有那么多的时间去看作文，所以只能大概浏览下各段的首句，这是获得高分的关键。
3、全文结构布局：全文分为三段，第一段3句，第二段5句，第三段4句，可根据具体情况调整。段落中，第一句是topic ，第二三句是detail ，第三句是conclusion 。
Sandy Lin 15/F,TOWER2 ,BRIGHT CHINA,BUILDING1,BEIJING.
PROFESSIONAL OBJECTIVE
A position in the personnel field in which my experience and education will have valuable application.
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
VIRGINIA GENERAL HOSPITAL,Suffolk,VA
Assistant Personnel Officer,1990-Present
Recruited and trained administrative and clerical staffs,ancillary and works department staffs,professional and technical staffs.
Supervised Personnel Assistant,Personnel Clerk and Secretary.
Organized,revised,expanded and managed induction program.
Evaluated personnel.
Conducted disciplinary and grievance interviews.
Signed employees to contracts.
Advised staff on conditions of employment,entitlements,maternity leave,etc.
SOUTHERN CHARM STORES,Roanoke,VA
Assistant Staff Manager,1986-1990
Recruited and selected employees.
Hired personnel and referred for termination.
Administered wages,salary and workmen’s compensation.
Developed staff in various job descriptions.
Performed inductions.
Supervised personnel clerk.
Served as interim Staff Manager at Raleigh.
EDUCATION
YALE UNIVERSITY,New Haven,CT
Bachelor of Science in Sociology,
COOK COLLEGE,LOS Angeles,CA
Personnel Management Exams,1985
REFERENCES
Available upon request.
Clean layout makes resume easy to read.
Unrelated work experience is omitted.
1.英文求职信格式参考
2.英文求职信参考
3.个人英文求职信参考
4.会计英文求职信参考
5.英文求职信句式参考
6.法律系英文求职信参考
7.英文求职信范文参考
8.最新英文求职信范文参考
9.英文求职信参考范文
10.经典英文求职信参考
在充分肯定当代西方文论对中国文论建设产生的积极影响的同时,有必要对当代西方文论本身进行辨析,考察其应用于中国文艺实践的有效性,并最终思考中国文论的重建问题.当代西方文论的主要局限有:脱离文学实践,用其他学科的现成理论阐释文学文本、解释文学经验,并将之推广为普遍的文学规则,出于对以往理论和方法的批判乃至颠覆,将具有合理因素的观点推延至极端,套用科学主义的恒定模式阐释具体文本.当代西方文论生长于西方文化土壤,与中国文化之间存在着语言差异、*差异和审美差异,这决定了其理论运用的有限性.中国文论建设的基点,一是抛弃对外来理论的过分倚重,重归中国文学实践,二是坚持民族化方向,回到中国语境,充分吸纳中国传统文论遗产,三是认识、处理好外部研究与内部研究的关系问题,建构二者辩证统一的研究范式.
关键词：英语论文写作
在世界性的《生物医学论文投稿的统一要求》（U中，对文题的要求只有短短两条：简练（concise）和反映论文主题（informative）。其中，笔者认为，“反映论文主题”应当是文题写作的首要原则，在此基础上，尽可能做到“简练”。
1如何使文题恰当地反映论文的主题？
使文题恰当地反映论文的主题，目的是让读者通过阅读文题就可以了解到论文所报道的研究概况。科学研究通常的思路是在一定的条件下，对特定的指标进行检测，根据结果验证预先提出的假设，所以，能够反映论文主题的也就有以下几个指标：研究目的、研究对象、研究方法、实验条件，检测指标、研究结果和结论。显而易见，在文题中包括所有的内容是不现实的，但是，我们可以某一方面为主，从不同角度反映论文的基本内容。
首先，让我们比较两组文题：
第一组：
（1）OSHBsubunit
（2）MCoxProportionalHazardsM
第二组：
（1）Establishment，SHB
（2）I：
这两个文题都是描述性的。通过比较，我们不难发现，对于同一篇论文，第二组文题更加清楚。比如对文题①在第一组中表达，我们只是了解到在研究中，对小鼠进行了口服方法的免疫，但为什么要这样做，是对小鼠还是对疫苗进行研究呢？我们并不十分清楚。而该文题在第二组中，我们则完全明了，该研究是以小鼠为对象考察某种口服疫苗的安全性和有效性。那么对这个领域感兴趣的读者就可以继续阅读论文，其他的读者也不会在这篇论文上浪费更多的时间了。对于文题②，也存在同样的问题，也许只有专家才能“猜到”论文的大致内容吧！
其实，将文题写得清楚并不是一件很困难的事。在这方面，英语论文写作专家已为我们提供了很好的建议：
（1）如果研究中既有自变量X（）-即实验中加以选择控制的因素，如第二组文题②的“”；也有因变量（Y）-相当于检测指标，如②文题中的“”；标准的文题格式为“EffectofXonYinZ（Z为研究对象）”。例如：在文题“Effectofβ-”中，“β-endorphin”为自变量X，“breathingmovements”为因变量Y，“fetalsheep”为研究对象Z.
（2）在某些研究中，只有因变量Y，可以写成YinZ.例如文题①中，“）Establishment，safetyandefficiency”为因变量，研究对象变为“theattenuatedSHB”。再如“B”为因变量，“”为研究对象。
（3）在方法学的研究中，应当先叙述所用的方法，然后阐明该方法的目的，如“D-S”
在这几种情况下的文题写作中，还体现了如下几条共同的原则：
（1）重要内容前置的原则。像effect，detection，establishment等词所引导的短语都是研究的中心内容。
（2）研究对象明确的原则。在这里需要注意的是，实验动物或细胞等是包括在研究对象里的，应当交待清楚，不能省略。如果研究对象来自于人体，则可以省略不提。但如果是来自某一特殊的人群，如某个地理环境里的，或某种患病群体等，则应注明human或patient等词。
（3）研究方法随意的原则。事实上，研究方法也是反映研究内容的一个重要方面，但由于文题字数的限制，以及研究方法与其他指标相比重要性略小一些的原因，在文题写作时，研究方法可写可不写，应视情况而定。假如列出的话，也不应当放在开头，而应置于文题中间或末尾（如文题②）。在临床或流行病学研究中，以注明研究方法为佳，如“IA：acomparativestudy”.
以上所谈到的描述性文题基本上都是短语，而结论性文题则有短语和句子两种形式。一般来讲，它也遵循以上3条共同的原则，只是由于它介绍的是研究的结论，因而这时所提到的“重要内容”与描述性文题有所不同，多是一些表明研究结论的词或词组，如“I”，其他常见的起始词还有protectionof…，reduced…，alteration…，increasein…，declineof…等。
以句子作为结论性文题的如：“Z”。与短语式的文题（AZ）相比，它的语气更强烈，可以给读者留下更加深刻的印象-Zeiger教授认为这是由于动词比名词和形容词更加有表现力的缘故。但不少杂志限制句子文题的使用，可能是因为它有时语气过于强烈会给人比较武断的印象，所以在使用时应当谨慎。
2如何使文题更加简练？
（1）删除冗词。冗词的存在与否对文题内容的正确表述不会造成任何影响，因而应当删除，以使文题更加简洁。常见的冗词有Studyof…，Experimentof…，Experienceof…，Peportof…，inthetreatmentof…，administrationof等。此外，文题起始处的“the”通常可以省略，而文题中间的“the”则不能被删除。
（2）用名词做定语。该方法适合于定语不是很长的情况，可以减少介词的个数。如，文题“D-”可写为“D-”。而文题“B”则不适合将“sheep”做为“lymphnode”的定语。
（3）如果文题中有较多的并列单词或词组，可考虑将它们用一个能描述其共同特性的单词或词组代替。如文题“I：”中，“”就代表了“Pancreaticinvasion，”。
本文所谈的仅仅是原创性论文文题写作时的一些基本原则和方法，在文题的写作中，还有很多细节问题，如对缩写和专业术语的要求、对runningtitle、副标题的要求，以及有关语序的安排、词语的选择等语法上的问题，希望能有机会再谈。另外，正如Zeiger教授所说，论文的写作方法没有绝对严格的标准，只有较好和不好之分，也就是说，其他形式的文题有时也能很好地表述论文的内涵-由于论文题材和内容的多样性，这是完全有可能的。所以，读者应当在认识文题的重要性、掌握文题基本要求的前提下，在工作和学习中认真揣摸和比较各种文题，加以整理、参考和学习。并且，在投稿前还应详细阅读所投杂志的“投稿须知”，了解该杂志对文题的字数、副标题、结论性文题、问题式文题、runningtitle等方面有无特殊的要求。
最后，通过一些例子帮助大家巩固以上内容的理解：
（1）I这是一个很标准的结论性文题，其中human可以省略。
（2）C属于EffectofYonXinZ格式。
（3）E-B在文题中注明研究方法的例子。
（4）PChinesewomen改为EChinesewomen更准确。
（5）E改为E.“Injection”比“administration”更准确，删除direct并不影响对文题的理解，应当注明实验动物，否则会让人误以为是临床实验。
书写要规范，字迹清晰，字迹端正，字迹大小与间距均匀。
写英语作文时要注意段落的分段，不要全部表达为一段，每段的开头要空三个英语字母，也要注意尽可能地不将一个词分割开来移动。如果你想移动的话，你必须按照音节来表示，比如revolution，那么按照音节移动的原则，可以按re-,revo-,revolu-这些方法来移动。
一篇好的英语作文，不但要求内容有吸引力，文章层次清晰，而且卷面要求整齐美观。卷面干净是给人的第一印象，标点使用得当，行款是否得当，这些都直接影响到文章内容的表达，影响读者对文章的评价。所以，书写的格式对于写作来说，非常重要。
英语作文的行款格式：
行间距的距离，对英语单词的距离要把握好，每个单词要留有一个单词的间隔，在句子和句子之间要留有两个字母间隔。
作文题目的写法，在第一行中间写题目，题目左右两侧空白处大致相同。
题首字首字母必须大写。每一个实义词的首字母大写，从第二个单词开始通常是小写。
英语写作技能：
要学会构思不要着急下笔，仔细地思考问题。
认真阅读题目所需要的内容。构思一幅图画，确定一篇文章的中心思想，不能匆忙下笔，要看懂题意、依据、图表、提纲或短文所提供的资料和信息。
言语清晰，表达准确。
不要说汉语式英语，尽量用熟悉的句型。多个句型可以交替使用，避免重复和生硬。
不会表达的词语换个角度。
若碰到个别观点无法表达或表达困难，可采取改变的办法，化难为易，化繁为简。总而言之，所写的句子应该正确、恰当，符合英语表达的习惯。如果英语不能表达汉语词义，那么可以考虑几个类似于该汉语词汇意义的词。延伸你的思想，然后从英语中找出与其意义相近的替代词。
哈利波特英文读后感
I've just fininshed reading the first 4 Harry Potter books for about the5th time through， and they're just as magical and affecting as they have everbeen。 Everything is in here: suspense， adventure， mystery， humour， danger。There's even some pretty satisfying paybacks。 The characters are fantastic andfantastically realistic。 There are bad people who turn out to be good guys andgood people who turn out to be bad guys， just like life。
I think the thing I like best about these books is the message that it'sokay to be different - to be not “normal。” I would love for everyone in schoolto have hear that message。 It would probably reduce the bullying around theschool。
These books value real thoughts。 Much has been made of Harry's rulebreaking， but only once in the series so far does he break a rule for arbitrarypersonal gain。 Most of the time he makes a decision that what's right is moreimportant than what's written。 And you know what? Life's like that sometimes。 Ithink it's great that kids are getting an e_ample of how to do what's right evenwhen it involves breaking rules。 The Potter books also show that there areconsequences for rule breaking。 If not getting caught and getting a detention，then a spell going wrong and someone getting turned into a cat。 This shows thatwhen you make a decision to go against the rules that things may not go as youe_pected and you have to take responsibility for the oute。
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