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更新时间：2024-03-01 19:12:03 发布时间：24小时内 作者：文/会员上传 下载docx
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这个判断要从三方面去理解。
首先看向考纲中的评分细则，官方考纲对于第五档（A节9－10分，B节17－20分）的评分标准要点：
考试大纲里规定了五个方面的评分细则，分别涵盖了“1.内容要点，2.语法和词汇， 3.语法错误， 4.衔接和层次， 5.格式和语域。”
可以看出细则1，3和5是属于基础要求，即不要跑题（细则1），没有错误（细则3），格式正确、语言得体（细则5），而细则4规定了衔接词的使用，即衔接词是明确得分点之一。和写作能力最相关的是第2条，“使用丰富的语法结构和词汇”，但是显然这一条讨论的仍然是语言的形式本身，丰富的语法结构包含什么呢，比如倒装句、非谓语动词、插入语、虚拟语气、强调句、并列句、被动语态、从句等等，也就是说阅卷老师并不十分关心大家在运用英文写作时内容是否逻辑严密、明确具体，而是更关心大家对语言的控制力。
这种重语言形式而轻内容的倾向，也和实际的阅卷过程息息相关。全国每年有几百万份试卷，一篇作文的评分时间是30-40秒，这就决定了在阅卷时没有时间成本去细究内容层面的逻辑是否严密连贯，论点是否新颖独到，只要没有明显的硬伤即可。
其次，考研英语作文的命制风格也与其评分标准相适应，究竟是先制定了作文评分标准再命题，还是先命制题目再制定评分标准，是一个先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题，已不得而知。但是可以明确的是作文题目命制风格和评分标准高度一致，下图是近五年的英语一作文真题。
近五年的考察的话题分别是“以身作则”“实干”“直面挑战的勇气”“坚持”“习惯（或时间管理）”。可以看出，都是一些较为抽象和宏大的品质，对比雅思写作题目，比如“很多人从乡村迁往城市，你从多大程度认为这是一个好的趋势？”，要完成这样一篇开放式作文，大部分同学能思考出相应中文观点就很不容易了，更不要说有相应的词伙积累（例如shortage of labour, job opportunities, improve living standards, consumer goods, public services等）来支撑自己完成论点的组织了。但是好在考研英语作文题目足够地抽象和宏大，不用去讨论太具体的事物，并不需要大量的知识储备，内容层面和思维难度要求比较低。
最后，从实际情况来说，真正具有英文写作能力的考生屈指可数，我和大家一样，从小到大学的都是中国式英语，深知我们的英语教学里对写作的忽视。命题专家肯定比我们更了解这个事实，如果用类似于雅思作文这种开放式作文题目来考察大家，就相当于用高中议论文题目去考察小学生，这样的结果就是考生上了考场现编，绝大多数作文都惨不忍睹，对于选拔性考试来说，这种结果显然是不可取的。
再者，既然是研究生入学考试，所考察的一定是作为一个准研究生应具备的能力，或者说通过考试引导大家提前培养该能力，直到我自己读研后才明白，95%的国内研究生在读研阶段根本不需要用英文写作，所以考研英语写作确实不用去考察真正意义上的英文写作能力。
那么，考研英语作文本质上究竟在考察什么？接着往下看。
Dear my friend,
With the development of our society and economy, the number of vehicles in our city is soaring, which not only results in heavy traffic congestion and air pollution, but also brings much inconvenience to us. Everyone need desirable living environment, and it’s imperative for us to get moving to make us live better now.
Seeing that the more and more private cars is the main cause of such problems, the shift from you private cars to the public transport, such as the bus and subway, is the most effective means to ease the troublesome situation. So, let’s make our joint efforts to build a better city.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
Dear Sir or Madam,
As I am preparing for the GRE, I am writing now to place an order of a reference book named The Merriam-Webster Dictionary from your bookstore with the consideration of the high quality of your books. When I browsed in your bookstore one week ago, I saw it on the second shelf.
I wonder if it’s convenient for you to send the book to me by FedEx tomorrow to Renmin University, and I would pay for the cost. Besides, I know the FedEx has the service that allows me to pay money on receipt of the goods, and I would be grateful if you accept the means of payment.
I would appreciate it if you could take my request into consideration, and I look forward to seeing my book.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
The bar chart clearly shows the situation of outdoor activities of both Chinese and American college students. To be specific, the number of American and Chinese college students who attend outdoor activities several times a year is fairly large, but the number of students attending once a month, once a week or once a day is falling gradually. Meanwhile, for the students taking part in outdoor activities several times a year, there are more Chinese than Americans, but in the other three cases, there are much fewer Chinese.
Why should this phenomenon take placeThere are two factors accounting for it. To start with, the students’ poor sense of health makes them neglect the physical exercise, so a large number of students take outdoor activities just out of their interest. In addition, the reason why American students do more exercises than Chinese students may be that Chinese students’ workload is relatively heavy. Facing the pressure of schoolwork, they have to study harder and have no time to do sports.
From what has been discussed above, I hold that we should enhance our awareness of health and take practical actions to take part in more outdoor activities.
Dear David,
I have arrived in my hometown last night, and when I got up this morning, I found the vacation is so relaxing. I know you are fond of sightseeing tour, so I wonder if you are interested in having a visit to my home town in a few days.
You know my hometown is Hua Yin, where Mountain Hua is situated. If you can come, I will conduct you around the famous tourist attractions and introduce local dishes to you. By the way, I think it’s necessary for me to tell you how to get to Hua Yin. You can buy a train ticket direct to Hua Yin, or fly to Xi’an, and I will drive to Xi’an airport to meet you.
Please inform me of your decision, and I’m confident that you will have a good time in Hua Yin if you can come.
Sincerely Yours,
Li Ming
This bar chart indicates different market shares of automobiles of three types of brand affiliations between 20_ and 20_.
In 20_，cars with Japanese brands topped the three types of vehicles，accounting for 35% of the total market. What follows is the cars with Chinese brands，hitting 25% of the auto market，with the share of American brand bottomed out at 15%. In 20_，some developments are noticeable in that the cars with the largest share became those of Chinese brands，which occupied roughly 32% of the market，while cars with Japanese and American brands took 25% and 15% of the whole market respectively.
It is observed that between 20_ and 20_，cars of Chinese and Japanese brands took turns to be the in terms of market share while those with American brands ranked the last in both years. And the share of Chinese-brand cars witnessed a mild increase and that of the Japanese-brand cars saw a moderate decrease，while the American-brand cars stayed the same.
From this graph，we can come to the safe conclusion that the Chinese automakers are doing a good job in outcompeting their Japanese and American counterparts in 20_，but the gap is not so significant and if no efforts were made from the part of the Chinese auto industry，the distribution map might be rewritten in the future.
Dear Sir or Madam,
The 20_ Graduation and Degree Conferring Ceremony of our university will be held at the Teaching Building from 9:00 to 12:00 on May 21th.
With your outstanding expert knowledge and academic reputation, you have contributed immeasurably to the advances of our university and the growth of our students. So I, on behalf on the Student Union, sincerely extend to you an invitation to this ceremony. We will be greatly honored if you could be present at the grand ceremony. And, on the occasion, there will be volunteers guiding you to your seat.
The schedule of the ceremony is attached for your reference. It would be much appreciated if you could please send back the reply slip before May 14th to inform us of your attendance. We look forward to your reply.
Your faithfully,
Li Ming
也许有人觉得，刚刚进入20xx年，我们就已经开始讨论20xx的考研有点为时尚早，但对于20xx的考生来说，这只是正常的考试备考时间，而且从这之后的一年，他们都要争分夺秒。英语，这个重在考基础、复习战线需要拉得很长的学科，一定要从现在开始着手准备。
6月之前
这段时间是初级准备阶段，重要的任务是打好基础，这也是为什么这个阶段需要大量时间的原因。不积跬步，无以至千里，不积小流，无以成江海。尤其对于英语来说，基础直接决定着你是能够一步腾飞还是原地踏步，可以说，在这一阶段没打好基础，接下来的半年你只能是在做无用功。
最关键最基础的一点就是单词。在这一阶段，考生一定要多背单词。哪怕这个时候什么题都不想做，什么作文不想练，也一定要背单词。背单词的秘诀在于重复，今天背10个单词，第二天也许忘了5个，那么不要灰心，从头再来，不仅要再背10个，还要继续跟这5个死磕。第三天再自测一下自己究竟记住了这20个中的哪些，记不住没关系，你可以再次从头再来。一个月之后，你的成就感会油然而生。
除了背单词，这一阶段大家也可以自测一下自己的水平，知道了自己的优势劣势，才能有的放矢针对性复习。建议大家选择今年20xx年的考题，进行一下自测真题模拟，让自己了解一下考研真题，让自己从现在开始紧张起来。
至于考研大纲，英语每年的变化都不太大，大家其实可以参照20xx年英语考研大纲做复习计划。
暑期7、8月
没有课业负担，这将会是你效率最高的一个复习阶段。这段时间一定要集中精力复习。在英语这门学科中，阅读是最能够提分的部分。事实上，无论是哪一种英语考试，阅读题目都是有规律可循，有技巧可解的。大家可以集中一个月专门做阅读，每天从早到晚，算下来大约能做5、6套，这样的集中训练，是最能提高分数的。
作文可以从这个阶段开始准备。范文是一定要看的，不然从来没有接触过考研的你，肯定不知道什么样的文章是阅卷老师最喜欢的。看完范文就要开始模仿学习，建议大家保证每天一篇，要确保自己在考试规定时间之内写完作文。同时，将自己的文章与范文做对比，有条件的可以请自己的英语老师批阅。
真题要从这个时间段开始做，主要任务是找不足和熟悉答题思路，也就是俗称的练手。两天保证一套。
阅读英语报刊和英语文章也是培养语感的一种方式。大家可以在休息时间看看有趣的英文杂志或者英语原声影视剧，培养语感。
9-12月
这一阶段实际上已经进入了疲劳期，但英语这门学科难就难在坚持上。考研的同学可以在这段时间适当减轻负担，但仍要保持热度。每天至少要背几个新单词和巩固旧单词，作文要坚持每天都写，每天至少要保证一套真题，哪怕是做过的，也要继续再做一遍。
作文范文可以在考前一个月集中背，但需要注意的是，这些范文不是单单背出来这么简单，一定要活学活用，转化成自己的，与自己的文章风格融为一体，切不可生硬的照搬照抄。
考研英语相对政治来说，绝对算提分容易的了，尤其对于那些基础薄弱的学生来说，一年的时间，他们甚至可以把英语提高二十几分。所以大家一定要对自己有信心，只要打好基础，坚持学习，考研英语一定不会把你难住。
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