英语作文书写标准范文精选9篇

更新时间:2024-01-14 20:30:24 发布时间:24小时内 作者:文/会员上传 下载docx

英语作文书写标准范文 第一篇

一、商务英语电子邮件的格式常见的商务英语电子邮件包括以下五部分:

①写信人Email地址、收信人Email地址、抄送收信人Email地址、密送收信人Email地址。②标题。③称呼、开头、正文、结尾句。④礼貌结束语。⑤写信人全名、写信人职务及所属部门、地址、电话号码、传真等。

其中邮件主题应体现邮件主旨,要引人注目、意思明确,最好为名词或动名词短语;称呼礼貌得体,符合商务英语写作习惯,如不知对方姓名只知头衔,可用 Dear+Title作为称呼,如只知对方姓名不知性别,可用Dear+全名,如邮件为一封通函,则用DearAll作为邮件称呼;正文应结构清楚,便于阅读,如正文内容较长,可使用小标题、小段落,或利用星号、下划线及段落间空行等方式使邮件眉目清楚、一目了然。

二、商务英语电子邮件写作应遵循的五C原则

商务英语电子邮件的正文写作应该遵循五C原则,即Correctness、Conciseness、Complete、Clarity和Courtesy原则。

准确原则 由于商务英语电子邮件涉及的是商务活动双方的权利、义务关系,其准确性对商务治理与沟通至关重要。具体而言,不仅电子邮件的英语语法、标点符号和拼写要做到准确无误,电子邮件内容还要叙述准确,以免引起误会纠纷。

简洁原则 简洁原则是商务英语写作最重要的原则,指在不影响完整性和礼貌性的前提下,尽量使用简单句子和简短词语。一封拖沓冗长、措词复杂的电子邮件既浪费写的时间,也会给阅读者带来不必要的麻烦,故商务英语电子邮件应以简明扼要为第一要务。

在具体写作中,商务英语电子邮件呈现出的句法特征是句子结构简单明了,有大量省略句和不完整句。其词汇特征是用语简洁,语言简明扼要。电子邮件写作格式

另外,为了节约时间和空间,电子邮件中可使用缩略语,如U表示you,Pls表示please,Info表示information,Qty表示quantity,P“C表示piece,L”C表示LetterofCredit,FOB表示FreeonBoard.例1 It is very difficult to sell man hole covers in product must have the quality certificate issued in France.例2 Price:FOB Shanghai USD 96“PC.例3 Hope you can accept it.例1中的两个单句具有明显的因果关系,但写并不使用表达因果关系的连接词如since、because,这种舍长句、复合句,选短句、简单句,喜并列、弃从属的句法特征在商务英语电子邮件写作中十分常见。例2中缩略语的使用,例3中不完整句的选择,反映了与普通商务信函相比,商务电子邮件更倾向于非正式文体,更为口语化。

完整原则

商务电子邮件内容应力求具体、明确、完整,提供读者所需要的信息,尤其像盘、询问贸易条件等需要回函的电子邮件,更需要清楚完整,因为只有包含具体信息的邮件,才能达到良好的沟通效果。邮件是否完整,可以用5W1H来检验,即who,when,where,what,why和how.清楚原则商务英语电子邮件的写作要做到层次清楚,用词准确。具体表现在:例1 We will deliver your goods soon.例2 中significant一词意为明显的、不小的,语义模糊,故可以用具体数字替换。例2中soon表示不久、很快,语义不明确,没有指出具体的供货时间,可改为具体的年月日。

礼貌原则商务英语电子邮件应遵循措词婉转、礼貌的原则。鉴于电子邮件直接影响到整个交易的成败,买卖双方应十分注重措辞方式,要婉转、礼貌,使对方轻易接受。在写作电子邮件时,可以通过使用虚拟语气、委婉语气等方法迂回地表达观点,提出要求。

例1 If it is not for the larger orders we receive from a numbero four regular customers,we could not have quoted for supplies even at that price.例2 I would appreciate it if you could give me your best quotations for 65,000 pieces.例1中虚拟语气和例2中委婉语气的使用,缓和了商务谈判的语气,既明确了自己的立场,又使对方的面子免于受损,语气自然诚恳,礼貌得体,很轻易为对方接受。

三、结语随着国际商务活动的不断扩展,商务英语电子邮件的重要性也日益明显。

同时,电子商务的普及,往往会让写忽视商务英语电子邮件应有的规范和格式,难免会出现这样或那样的问题。然而准确规范的英文邮件,不仅能反应写信人的英语及业务水平,还可以体现写信人为人处事的态度和风格,有助于建立良好的商务关系,最终对达成贸易起到重要的作用。因此,有必要熟悉商务英文电子邮件应有的规范和格式,遵循邮件的写作原则。

英语作文书写标准范文 第二篇

关键词:英语论文写作

在世界性的《生物医学论文投稿的统一要求》(U中,对文题的要求只有短短两条:简练(concise)和反映论文主题(informative)。其中,笔者认为,“反映论文主题”应当是文题写作的首要原则,在此基础上,尽可能做到“简练”。

1如何使文题恰当地反映论文的主题?

使文题恰当地反映论文的主题,目的是让读者通过阅读文题就可以了解到论文所报道的研究概况。科学研究通常的思路是在一定的条件下,对特定的指标进行检测,根据结果验证预先提出的假设,所以,能够反映论文主题的也就有以下几个指标:研究目的、研究对象、研究方法、实验条件,检测指标、研究结果和结论。显而易见,在文题中包括所有的内容是不现实的,但是,我们可以某一方面为主,从不同角度反映论文的基本内容。

首先,让我们比较两组文题:

第一组:

(1)OSHBsubunit

(2)MCoxProportionalHazardsM

第二组:

(1)Establishment,SHB

(2)I:

这两个文题都是描述性的。通过比较,我们不难发现,对于同一篇论文,第二组文题更加清楚。比如对文题①在第一组中表达,我们只是了解到在研究中,对小鼠进行了口服方法的免疫,但为什么要这样做,是对小鼠还是对疫苗进行研究呢?我们并不十分清楚。而该文题在第二组中,我们则完全明了,该研究是以小鼠为对象考察某种口服疫苗的安全性和有效性。那么对这个领域感兴趣的读者就可以继续阅读论文,其他的读者也不会在这篇论文上浪费更多的时间了。对于文题②,也存在同样的问题,也许只有专家才能“猜到”论文的大致内容吧!

其实,将文题写得清楚并不是一件很困难的事。在这方面,英语论文写作专家已为我们提供了很好的建议:

(1)如果研究中既有自变量X()-即实验中加以选择控制的因素,如第二组文题②的“”;也有因变量(Y)-相当于检测指标,如②文题中的“”;标准的文题格式为“EffectofXonYinZ(Z为研究对象)”。例如:在文题“Effectofβ-”中,“β-endorphin”为自变量X,“breathingmovements”为因变量Y,“fetalsheep”为研究对象Z.

(2)在某些研究中,只有因变量Y,可以写成YinZ.例如文题①中,“)Establishment,safetyandefficiency”为因变量,研究对象变为“theattenuatedSHB”。再如“B”为因变量,“”为研究对象。

(3)在方法学的研究中,应当先叙述所用的方法,然后阐明该方法的目的,如“D-S”

在这几种情况下的文题写作中,还体现了如下几条共同的原则:

(1)重要内容前置的原则。像effect,detection,establishment等词所引导的短语都是研究的中心内容。

(2)研究对象明确的原则。在这里需要注意的是,实验动物或细胞等是包括在研究对象里的,应当交待清楚,不能省略。如果研究对象来自于人体,则可以省略不提。但如果是来自某一特殊的人群,如某个地理环境里的,或某种患病群体等,则应注明human或patient等词。

(3)研究方法随意的原则。事实上,研究方法也是反映研究内容的一个重要方面,但由于文题字数的限制,以及研究方法与其他指标相比重要性略小一些的原因,在文题写作时,研究方法可写可不写,应视情况而定。假如列出的话,也不应当放在开头,而应置于文题中间或末尾(如文题②)。在临床或流行病学研究中,以注明研究方法为佳,如“IA:acomparativestudy”.

以上所谈到的描述性文题基本上都是短语,而结论性文题则有短语和句子两种形式。一般来讲,它也遵循以上3条共同的原则,只是由于它介绍的是研究的结论,因而这时所提到的“重要内容”与描述性文题有所不同,多是一些表明研究结论的词或词组,如“I”,其他常见的起始词还有protectionof…,reduced…,alteration…,increasein…,declineof…等。

以句子作为结论性文题的如:“Z”。与短语式的文题(AZ)相比,它的语气更强烈,可以给读者留下更加深刻的印象-Zeiger教授认为这是由于动词比名词和形容词更加有表现力的缘故。但不少杂志限制句子文题的使用,可能是因为它有时语气过于强烈会给人比较武断的印象,所以在使用时应当谨慎。

2如何使文题更加简练?

(1)删除冗词。冗词的存在与否对文题内容的正确表述不会造成任何影响,因而应当删除,以使文题更加简洁。常见的冗词有Studyof…,Experimentof…,Experienceof…,Peportof…,inthetreatmentof…,administrationof等。此外,文题起始处的“the”通常可以省略,而文题中间的“the”则不能被删除。

(2)用名词做定语。该方法适合于定语不是很长的情况,可以减少介词的个数。如,文题“D-”可写为“D-”。而文题“B”则不适合将“sheep”做为“lymphnode”的定语。

(3)如果文题中有较多的并列单词或词组,可考虑将它们用一个能描述其共同特性的单词或词组代替。如文题“I:”中,“”就代表了“Pancreaticinvasion,”。

本文所谈的仅仅是原创性论文文题写作时的一些基本原则和方法,在文题的写作中,还有很多细节问题,如对缩写和专业术语的要求、对runningtitle、副标题的要求,以及有关语序的安排、词语的选择等语法上的问题,希望能有机会再谈。另外,正如Zeiger教授所说,论文的写作方法没有绝对严格的标准,只有较好和不好之分,也就是说,其他形式的文题有时也能很好地表述论文的内涵-由于论文题材和内容的多样性,这是完全有可能的。所以,读者应当在认识文题的重要性、掌握文题基本要求的前提下,在工作和学习中认真揣摸和比较各种文题,加以整理、参考和学习。并且,在投稿前还应详细阅读所投杂志的“投稿须知”,了解该杂志对文题的字数、副标题、结论性文题、问题式文题、runningtitle等方面有无特殊的要求。

最后,通过一些例子帮助大家巩固以上内容的理解:

(1)I这是一个很标准的结论性文题,其中human可以省略。

(2)C属于EffectofYonXinZ格式。

(3)E-B在文题中注明研究方法的例子。

(4)PChinesewomen改为EChinesewomen更准确。

(5)E改为E.“Injection”比“administration”更准确,删除direct并不影响对文题的理解,应当注明实验动物,否则会让人误以为是临床实验.

英语作文书写标准范文 第三篇

I’m Hua from Beijing Hongxing Middle School. I’m very happy to learn that you’re going to stay with my family while you’re in Beijing.

While you are here, we’ll provide you with a room of your own with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV. You’ll also have your own bathroom. Our school is quite close to our home, so we could go to school together by bike. At noon we’ll eat at the school dining hall. I’m sure you’ll like the delicious Chinese food there, and enjoy talking with friends over lunch. Classes in our school usually finish at 4 in the afternoon. You can then join other students in playing ball games or swimming. It’ll be a lot of fun.

英语作文书写标准范文 第四篇

经典英文谚语的使用,可以给作文加分增色不少,来看看下面这些经典谚语吧!

1、Behind every successful man,there is a woman; behind every unsuccessful man,there are two.每个成功男人的背后都有一个女人,每个不成功男人的背后都有两个女人。

2、Anything that has been roped can be unroped. No knot is permanent. 世上没有解不开的结。

3、A friend to all is a friend to none. _者无友。

4、People who truly loved once are far more likely to love again. 真爱过的人更容易再恋爱。

5、If you pay peanuts,you get monkeys.微薪养蠢材。

6、Don't count your chickens before they are hatched.别太早打如意算盘。

7、Birth is much, but breeding is more.教养比出身更重要。

8、They who know nothing fear nothing. 初生牛犊不怕虎。

9、While water can carry a boat,it can also overturn it.水能载舟,也能覆舟。

10、The secret of being miserable is to have leisure to bother about whether you are happy or not. 痛苦的秘密在于有闲功夫担心自己是否幸福。

11、A crooked stick will have a crooked shadow. 身不正,影必斜。

12、There are obviously two should teach us how to make a living and the other how to live. 教育显然有两种:一种是教人怎样谋生,另一种是教人怎样生活。

13、You never know what you can do till you try.惟有试过才知道自己的能力。

14、God make relatives; Thank God we can choose our friends. 神决定了谁是你的亲戚,幸运的是在选择朋友方面他给你留了余地。

15、Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.观者眼中出美景。

16、Beggars can't be choosers. 要饭的哪能挑肥拣瘦。

17、Books and friends should be few but good. 书籍和朋友都要少而精。

18、Health and cheerfulness mutually beget each other.健康使人快乐,快乐使人健康。

19、Laugh, and the world laughs with you; Weep, and you weep alone. 欢笑,世界与你一同欢笑;哭泣,你自己一个人哭泣。

20、What interests me is living and dying for what one loves.我感到兴趣的是:为所爱而生,为所爱而死。

21、Miracles sometimes occur,but one has to work terribly for them.奇迹有时候是会发生的,但是你得为之拼命努力。

22、A day is a miniature of eternity.一天是永恒的缩影。

23、There is time for all things. 凡事皆有时。

24、What may be done at any time will be done at no time. 常将今日推明日,推到后来无影踪。

25、Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain. 智力投资,绝非虚掷。

26、Wit and will strive for the victory. 智慧加毅力一定会成功。

27、To read without reflecting is like eating without digesting.学而不思则惘。

28、A bad workman always quarrels with his tools.手艺不好赖家什。

29、Clothes make the man.人靠衣装。

30、He, who has an art, has everywhere a part.身有一技之长,走遍天下都不怕。

英语作文书写标准范文 第五篇

写作英文谚语

Adversity makes a man wise,not rich.

患难能使人聪明,但不能使人富有。

Live and learn.

活到老,学到老。

It is never too old to learn.

为学不怕年高。

A man becomes learned by asking questions.

要长学问,就得多问;多问则业精。

There is no royal road to learning.

学问无坦途。

He who is ashamed of asking is ashamed of learning.

畏问之人耻于学。

What is learned in the cradle lasts till the grave.

婴孩时期学到的东西,老死不会忘记。

Learning makes a good man better and ill man worse.

知识能使好人更好,坏人更坏。

Soon learnt,soon forgotten.

学得快,忘得快。

Learn young,learn fair.

为学趁年青,既学须学好。

A lazy youth,a lousy age.

少时懒惰老来苦。

He that knows nothing,doubts nothing.

无知即无疑。

A good name keeps its luster in the dark.

良好的名声在黑暗中也能闪闪发光。

英语作文书写标准范文 第六篇

Dormitory life is an indispensable part of college life. But sometimes the harmony in the dormitory can be disturbed in one way or another.

As is known to all, a harmonious dormitory life is important to college students and benefits all the members. On one hand, you can have a good rest and put your heart into study. On the other hand, you will have a good mood and enjoy being together.

There are several ways to create and maintain a harmonious dormitory life. Firstly, you have to evaluate your lifestyle and try to get rid of your bad habits, if there are any. Secondly, when an annoying situation arises, you'll just have to learn to tolerate each other and coexist. Thirdly, you'll have to share with each other and make good friends.

In conclusion, you should make every effort to build a harmonious dormitory life for the sake of good study and good life.

英语作文书写标准范文 第七篇

As it’s known to all, China is popular for its emperor of bicycles. This is because our country is still a developing country and few people can afford private cars. The demand for a means of transport is met by making millions of bicycles available.

Riding a bicycle has a lot of advantages over driving a car. First, it is a physical exercise to ride a bicycle. In contrast, sitting in the car, one tends to gain weight. Besides, it is much more economical to ride a bike than drive a car. On the one hand, the only fee a bike-rider has to pay is the annual tax. However, the annual fees for a car are costly. On the other hand, a bike needn't be equipped with a parking lot, but a car must. Most important of all, it is beneficial to the environment to ride a bicycle because the bike doesn't consume petrol; it is a pollution-free transport. In contrast, the exhaust released by the car is harmful to the environment.

Since China is a developing country with a large population, bicycles will still be the most popular means of transport in China for quite a long time. Most people will still ride bicycles to go to work or to school. The emperor country of bicycles will remain for at least dozens of years.

英语作文书写标准范文 第八篇

When we read newspapers, we often come across the word pollution. This word was not familiar to the people some decades ago. But now, it is a serious threat to us means the poisoning of the air, seas, rivers and lands, which would do harm to our health.

There are many factories that bring pollution to us. We can not have fresh air in the morning. This is mainly because of the poisonous smoke coming from factories, especially chemical ones. In rivers, seas and oceans, there are industrial wastes. Some factories just throw their wastes into seas or let them flow into rivers. When people drink the water from such rivers, they get poisoned. Besides, there is rubbish from ships and when sometimes an accident occurs in an ocean, oil flows out from tankers.

On land, the accumulation of rubbish in the streets may dirty the city and ruin our health. This is mainly due to the improper disposal of rubbish by people.

If we do mot fight against pollution, surely one day all of us will be killed. Some people like to put the blame on the industrial revolutions. On the contrary, the pollution problem will be solved only with the help of modem science and technology.

英语作文书写标准范文 第九篇

Everybody is afraid of failure, because it means what they do is useless and they waste their energy and time. But people get the wrong idea about failure, in fact, failure is also success. If people want to be successful, they need to take action. Failure at least means people have tried to do, what’s more, people can learn from their unsuccessful experience, so that they can improve their methods. Every failure means the closeness of success, we should take the positive attitude to failure, we can get over it soon and people finally can get the victory. So when we meet the difficulties, don’t be afraid of the bad result, just take action.

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