2023-03-20
【2023节能宣传周时间】2023节能宣传周和全国低碳日活动方案
2023-03-15
2023-03-22
2023年党员主题教育专题组织生活会个人对照检查材料范文(通用7篇)
2023-06-23
2023-07-05
更新时间：2023-10-15 20:34:27 发布时间：24小时内 作者：文/会员上传 下载docx
2023-03-20
【2023节能宣传周时间】2023节能宣传周和全国低碳日活动方案
2023-03-15
2023-03-22
2023年党员主题教育专题组织生活会个人对照检查材料范文(通用7篇)
2023-06-23
2023-07-05
Dear Sirs,
We have duly received your S/C in duplicate. Enclosed please find the duplicate with our counter-signature. Thanks to mutual efforts, we were able to put the deal through.
The relative L/C has been establish in your favor. It will reach you in due course.
Regarding further quantities required, we hope you will see your way dear to make us on offer. As an indication, we are prepared to order another 50 tons. Yours Faithfully Chapter Seven
十一月十二日来函收到获悉你方有意在贵国推销我们的自行车。对此我们非常感兴趣。 We have acknowledged your letter of November 12 and noted your intention of pushing the sale of our bicycle in your country. We are fully interested in it. 对你方为推销自行车所做的努力我们甚为感激。
We appreciate your efforts to help sell our bicycles very much.
但对你方要求以见票后六十天承兑交单方式付款一事我们歉难考虑。
However, we regret that we are unable to consider your request for payment by D/A 60 days' sight.
我们的通常做法是要求即期信用证付款。
Our usual practice is to ask for sight L/C.
为了促进我方自行车在贵方市场上的销售我方准备接受即期付款交单方式以示特别照顾。希望你方能接受上述付款条件并盼早日收到回音。
However, in order to promote the sale of our bicycles in your market, we are prepared
to accept payment by D/P at sight as a precedent. We hope that the above payment terms will be acceptable to you and look forward to hearing from you soon. Chapter Eight
在外贸过程中学习相关外语知识是非常必要的。因为在于国外客户接触时，不可避免会使用到英语。目前一些国际主流的外贸函电均是由欧美国家进行开发。如eBay这样的跨国销售网站，主要的买家均是来自于欧美。在销售过程中，难免会遇到一些问题需要沟通和了解。此时一封清晰的外贸函电就格外重要。
以下为外贸平台中的常用英语词汇：
(1)贵函
Your letter; Your favour; your esteemed letter; Your esteemed favour; Your valued letter; Your valued favour;Your note; Your communication; Your greatly esteemed letter; Your very friendly note; Your friendly advice; Yours.
(2)本信,本函
Our (my) letter; Our (my) respects; Ours (mine); This letter; these lines; The present.
(3)前函
The last letter; The last mail; The last post; the last communication; The last respects(自己的信); The last favour(来信)
(4)次函
The next letter; The next mail; The next communication; The letter following; the following.
(5)贵函发出日期
Your letter of (the) 5th May; Your favour dated (the) 5th June; Yours of the 3rd July; Yours under date (of) the 5th July; Your letter bearing date 5th July; Your favour of even date(AE); Your letter of yesterday; Your favour of yesterday''s date; Your letter dated yesterday.
(6)贵方来电、电传及传真
Your telegram; Your wire; Your cablegram(从国外); Your coded wire(密码电报); Your code message; Your cipher telegram; Your wireless telegram; Your TELEX; Your Fax.
(7)贵方电话
Your telephone message; Your phone message; Your telephonic communication; Your telephone call; Your ring.
(8)通知
(Noun) Advice; Notice; Information; Notification; Communication; A report; News; Intelligence; Message. (Verb)(通知,告知)To communicate (a fact) to; To report (a fact) to...on; To apprise (a person) of; To let (a person) know; To acquaint (a person) with; To intimate (a fact) to; To send word; to send a message; To mail a notice; to write (a person) information; To give notice(预告); To break a news to(通知坏消息); To announce(宣布).
(9)回信
(Noun) An answer; A reply; A response. (Verb) To answer; To reply; To give a reply; To give one''s answer; To make an answer; To send an answer; To write in reply; To answer one''s letter. (特此回信)Reply to; Answering to; In answer to; In reply to; In response to. (等候回信)To await an answer; To wait for an answer. (收到回信)To get an answer; To favour one with an answer; To get a letter answered.
(10)收讫,收到
(Noun) Receipt(收到); A receipt(收据); A receiver(领取人,取款人); A recipient(收款人) (Verb) To receive; To be in receipt of; To be to (at) hand; To come to hand; To be in possesion of; To be favoured with; To get; To have; To have before (a person); To make out a receipt(开出收据); To acknowledge receipt(告知收讫).
(11)确认
To confirm; Confirming; Confirmation; In Confirmation of(为确认...,为证实...); A letter of confirmation(确认函或确认书)
(12)高兴,愉快,欣慰
To have the pleasure to do; To have the pleasure of doing; To have pleasure to do; to have pleasure in (of) doing; To take (a) pleasure in doing (something); To take pleasure in doing (something); To be pleased to (with)(by); to be delighted at (in)(with); To be glad to (of)(about); To be rejoiced in (at).
外贸函电
外贸函电是一种商务信件，英文foreign correspondence。写外贸函电是外贸业务员的日常工作之一，然而，能写好外贸函电的外贸业务员却不多，为了有助于大家写好外贸函电，本文总结了几个经典外贸函电范文，可供参考。 外贸函电就是有着国际贸易关系的双方由于彼此的业务往来而产生的信件，但在信息化高度发达的今天，该信件并不局限于纸质信件，也可以是电子邮件、传真或MSN。
外贸函电最常用的内容：建立业务关系、询盘、发盘、回复、销售合同、包装、保险、赔偿、仲裁等。
外贸函电基本要求：主题明确，内容简洁，语言精炼，表述完整。
外贸函电的格式：有固定的语言、习惯用法和常用句型。
外贸函电的.语气：各部分语气。开发信、询盘回复一般要客气，表达感谢；平常业务联系要细心、信任；催促付款要紧急而不失礼貌；客户索赔要理解、给予足够的解释和说明。
范文：
一、如何表达在涨价前订货
Thank you for your letter of October 10 for business copiers. We are now sending you our price-list and catalog of the newest types that are under production and we can supply at once from stock.
We want to notice you that prices of copier parts and components have gone up steadily since the second half of the year. Though we have tried hard to keep our quotations down, we are afraid the margin for keeping on going like this will not long. Therefore, we suggest that you will let us have your order before further rises in costs, which will lead to a raise in prices very soon unavoidably.
感谢贵方10月10日关于商用复印机的询函。现随函奉送本公司正在生产的、并有现货供应的最新型号的产品清单和价目表。
我方想告诉贵方，自下半年以来，复印机的零、部件价格一直不断增长。尽管我方尽量压低报价，但恐怕有此余地的时间不会太久。因此，建议贵方在零、部件再次涨价，()并不可避免地引起成品涨价之前便向我方订货。
二、要求及时供货
We understand that you are the agent for the White Tiger ties. We enclose our order for 1000 dozens of the White Tiger ties. Please note that we need these goods rather urgently as Christmas is drawing near. If you could supply goods timely for seasons, we would make repeated orders, provided prices are reasonable. Payment for the enclosed order will be made on a draft at sight under our letter of credit opened in your favor on receipt of your confirmation that the goods are sent out, and can be delivered before 1, December, .
获悉贵公司为“白虎牌领带”的代理商。兹附上1000打白虎牌领带订单一份。
请注意，由于圣诞节在即，本公司急需这批货物。如果贵公司能够及时供应时令货品，而且价格公道，我方将继续订货。
此票订单之货款，待确认贵方已于12月1日前发货之后，本公司即向贵公司开出见票即付的信用证。
三、回复询盘告知无货
Referring to your letter of 5 June, we very much regret that we are unable to make you an offer for the goods you demand. The reason is that the product you need has been out of stock. What's more our manufacturers have declined orders because of shortage of raw materials.
We shall, however, file your inquiry and cable you our offers as soon as we have got supplies.
我方收到贵公司6月5日来函，但非常遗憾，我方无法对贵方所需产品报盘。其原因是，此货品在我处已经脱销。而且，由于原料短缺，生产厂家已经拒绝了我方订单。
我方已将贵方询函备案，一经有货，我方将以电报报盘。
四、如何追问买方意见
In reply to your inquiry we sent you on May 25 a copy of illustrated catalog of our electric products. As we have not heard from you since, we would like to ask whether you have had received our reply and what opinion you have on our products. We are always ready to serve you and should be grateful for your reply.
在5月25日我方对贵方询函的回函中，已寄去本公司电器产品的附图目录。因迄今尚未接到贵方的消息，特致函询问，贵方是否已收到我方回函，并征求贵方对本公司产品的意见。我方随时愿意效劳，若承蒙贵方惠赐回函，当不胜感激。
五、如何询问参展条件
From yesterday's Morning Paper we have learned that you are now taking applications from exhibitors for the 2000 Canton Fair. We hope you would send us a copy of detailed conditions for application, such as size of each booth, fees for rent, and time schedule for moving in, etc., as well as the time limit for application.
从昨天《晨报》上获悉，贵单位正在征集“20广交会”的参展申请。希望贵方能将展位大孝租用展位价格、进场时间、最迟申请日期等详细情况通知我方。
六、如何索要产品目录
We get your name and address from your local Chamber of are an importer of plastic products and we would appreciate it if you would send us your catalogue in the new year.
我方从贵公司的商会获知你们的名称与地址。
本公司经营塑料制品的进口业务，希望能够得到贵公司明年的产品目录。
七、按样品询价
We have a large demand for the supply of 50,000 meters brown serge, whose * enclosed to show you the shade and quality we require. Please send your * corresponding to our * with the most reasonable price . Singapore if you can supply within three months from now.
本公司需要5万公尺棕色斜纹布的大量供货。现随函附送我方所需货物的样品，以示其色调及品质。
若贵公司能在3个月内供货，请送供货样品，并提供新加坡港.最合理的报价。
首先，毫无疑问，这个实习软件是非常不错的。其包含了很多的公司且公司信息详细，我们可以亲身体验到那种身处公司氖围，完全没有那种被排外的感觉，每个人都能掌握住公司的基本信息，做起交易来，是非常方便的;软件也集中体现了培养我们动手实践的功能，在很多操作中，都是需要我们自己去查找一定的数据和资料才能够完成的，这就要求我们必须要有扎实的理论基础;软件的功能非常齐全，基本上囊括了我们在国际贸易操作中的各个方面，从建立贸易关系、询盘、发盘、还盘、接受到签订合同、计算成交价格、各种成本、利润、制造各种单据、审核各种单据，再最后到善后处理等都是非常详尽的，既将实习都置身为卖家，又将其假设为买主，使我们更能够很好地妥善办好自己在国际贸易中的角色;软件的应用也较简单，只要稍微熟悉一下，就知道该怎么做了，操作起来简单，不需要死记一些操作，进入界面，就可以根据提示操作，非常地省时省神。但是，任何事情都有两面性，这个实习软件也有它的不好之处，我认为最主要的缺点就是缺乏灵活性，基本上同学们实习的步骤都是一样的，且需要操作的要求也是一样的，所要求上交的作业也是一样的，且数据死板，有些数据、资料很难查到，不得不花费大量的时间去搜集和整理;其次，没有完全体现真正公司的情形，像在一些信函的处理上，需要一些自动回复信函，在一些计算方面，也需要一些计算模板，这样就能够节省大量的时间，工作人员可以去做其他的更重要的事情。
总体来讲，这个实习软件优点是非常明显的，充分体现了实习的本质，大大地提高了我们的实践操作能力，也提高了我们的对国际贸易的认识，让我们发现自己的缺点和不足，有利于我们在以后的学习和生活、工作中注意加强这些方面的训练，提高自己的能力。
订单indent
订货、定购book；booking
电复cable reply
实盘firm offer
递盘bid；bidding
递实盘bid firm
还盘 counter offer
发盘（发价）offer
发实盘 offer firm
询盘（询价）inquiry； enquiry
指示性价格 price indication
速复reply immediately
参考价reference price
习惯做法usual practice
交易磋商business negotiation
不受约束without engagement
业务洽谈 business discussion
限**复subject to reply**
限**复到subject to reply reaching here **
有效期限time of validity
有效至** valid till **
购货合同purchase contract
销售合同 sales contract
购货确认书purchase confirmation
销售确认书sales confirmation
一般交易条件general terms and conditions
以未出售未准subject to prior sale
需经卖方确认subject to seller‘s confirmation
需经我方最后确认subject to our final confirmation
对待对方报价的策略
在对方报价过程中，要认真倾听并尽力完整、准确、清楚地把握住对方的报价内容。在对方报价结束之后，对某些不清楚的地方可以要求对方予以解答。同时，应尽可能地将本方对对方报价的理解进行一下归纳和总结，并力争加以复述，以便对方确认自己的理解是正确无误的之后，方可进行下一步。
在对方报价完毕之后，比较策略的做法就是，不急于还价，而是要求对方对其价格的构成、报价依据、计算的基础以及方式方法等作出详细的解释，即所谓的价格解释。通过对方的价格解释，可以了解对方报价的实质、态势、意图及其诚意，以便从中寻找破绽，从而动摇对方报价的基础，为我方争取重要的便利。
在进行完价格解释之后，针对对方的报价，有两种行动选择：一是要求对方降低其要价。这是一种比较有利的选择，因为这实质上是对对方报价的一种反击，如果反击成功，即可争取到对方的让步，而本方既没有暴露自己的报价内容，也没有作出任何相应地让步。二是提出自己的报价。这种做法不十分讲究，除非特殊情况，否则采用此法对己方不利。
一.要求代理商报价
We have read in China Daily that you are the exclusive agent for Hi-Fi Corporation of Africa and Asia. Would you please send us price-lists and catalogues of all the Hi-Fi wireless products and terms of payment. Please advise if you would grant special terms for an annual trade over 1 million . dollars. A visit of your representative would be appreciated. Perhaps he could bring the newest samples of the 999 hand phone, an item of growing interest here.
我方从《中国日报》上获知，贵公司为高保真公司在非洲和亚洲的独家代理商。
请惠送该公司所有无线通讯产品的目录、价目表及付款条件，并请告知，如果每年交易额达100万美元以上，是否可获得特别条件。
敬请贵方派代表来与我们洽谈，并携带最新999型手机样品，该产品在此地销路看好。
二.回复询盘，量大折价
We are pleased to receive your letter of 5 July and enclose our catalogue and price list. Also by separate post we are sending you the samples of our products. Our catalogue contains items and their specifications of our supplies. Through comparing our prices with those of other suppliers, you will appreciate the moderate prices of ours. For a total purchase of not less than 100,000 and not more than 200,000 American dollars, we would allow a discount of 10% and for a purchase larger than 200,000 American dollars, we would allow a 20% special discount.
很高兴收到贵公司7月5日来函。现寄上产品目录与价目表。同时另封寄去样品，请查收。
所寄产品目录包括本公司产品的品名、规格。与其他厂商的价格比较，我方的报价定会使贵方满意。
凡总定购量超过100,000美元但不足200,000美元者，我方将给予10%的折扣;凡总定购量超过200,000美元者，我方将给予20%的折扣。
三.询盘并邀请访问
We had your enclosed drawings of 5 types of machines in your letter Feb. 2, . Would you please inform us by return of the price, discounts, terms of payment and the time when you can deliver them. If your quotations are suitable and the quality proves good, we’ll be pleased to invite your representative over for detailed discussion.
我方收到贵方2月2日函及随函所附有关5种机械的图纸。
请函报有关机械的价格、折扣、付款方式及最早的交货时间。
如果报价合理并能证明质量优秀，我方将邀请贵方的代表过来详谈。
四.承使馆推荐询价
We learn from the our Embassy that you are producing for export hand-made shoes and gloves in natural leather. There is a steady demand here for high-class goods of this type, especially in unique designs. Will you please send us your catalog, export prices and terms of payment, together with any samples you would like to let us examine.
从我国大使馆获悉贵公司制造并出口天然皮革材料的鞋类及手套。
我国有对此类高级产品稳定需求的市场，特别需要样式新颖的产品。请惠送贵公司的产品目录、出口价格、付款条件及所能提供的样品为荷。
五.按产品图片询盘
In your letter of December 3, 2000, we got your enclosed price list and catalogue, we found that one of your goods is to our satisfaction, so we are now post its picture back to you. Would you please inform us in detail its price, terms of payment and terms of shipment. We hope you would quote us the most reasonable price. As we have a large population here, if the goods are sold well, we are sure to place regular orders with you.
收到贵方月3日函及所附价目单和产品目录。我方看中其中的一种产品，现将其图片寄还。
请祥报该产品的价格、付款方式及装运条件。希望得到贵方最合理的报价。我国人口众多，如果销路好，我方一定会成为贵方的稳定订户。
六.根据广告询价
Seeing your ad in“Family Life” we become interested in your silver wares of court styles. Please quote us for the supply of the items listed on the enclosed query form and give your prices . Shanghai. It would be appreciated if you include your earliest delivery date, terms of payment, and discounts for regular purchases.
我们看过贵公司登在《家庭生活》杂志上的广告，对你们的宫廷银器颇感兴趣。
请贵方按随函附表所列产品提供“.上海”报价，最好包括最快交货日期、付款条件及所能提供的定期购货折价。
第二轮谈判开始后，双方首先漫谈了一阵，调节了情绪，融洽了感情，创造了有利于谈判的良好气氛，之后，日方再次报价：“我们请示了总经理，又核实了一下成本，同意削价100万日元”。
同时，他们夸张地表示，这个削价的幅度是不小的，要中方“还盘”。中方认为日方削价的幅度虽不小，但离中方的要价仍有较大的距离，马上“还盘”还有困难。因为“还盘”就是向对方表明己方可以接受的价格。
在弄不清对方的报价离实际卖价的“水分”究竟相差多大时就轻易“还盘”，容易造成被动，高了己方吃亏，低了只能刺激对方。究竟“还盘”多少才是适当的，中方一时还不能确定。为了慎重起见，中方一再电话联系，再次核实该产品国际市场的最新价格，一面对日方的两次报价进行分析。根据分析，这个价格日方虽表明是总经理批准的，但根据情况看，此次降价是谈判者自行决定的。
1. general inquiry 一般询盘
2. specific inquiry 具体询盘
3. dealer 商人
4. quotation 报价
5. sales department 销售部
6. purchase 购买
7. enquiry 询价
8. quote 开价
9. sample 样品
10. a long-term contractt 长期合同
11. discount 折扣
12. grant 批准
13. to make an inquiry for sth 对某物询价
14. to keep the inquiry on file 把询价记录在卷
15. to inquiry for sth 对某物询价
16. to inquiry about sth 询问某事
17. process 加工
18. guarantee, guarantor 保证, 保证人
19. delivery 交货
20. port of delivery 交货港
21. time of delivery 交货期
22. prompt delivery 即期交货
23. to effect delivery 办理交货
24. to make delivery 办理交货
25. to postpone delivery 推迟交货
1. counter offer 还盘
2. enjoy great popularity 享有盛誉
3. ready seller; quick seller; quick-selling product 畅销品
4. conclude business with sb. 与某人达成交易
5. close business, close a deal , close a transaction, close a bargain 达成交易
6. trade terms 贸易条件
7. trade agreement 贸易协定
8. trade fair 交易会
9. trade mark 商标
10. foreign trade对外贸易
11 trade in sth 经营某物
12. trade with sb.与某人交易
13. favourable price 优惠价格
14. favourable terms 优惠条件
15. quotation 行情
16. discount quotation 贴现行情
17. exchange rate quotation外汇行情
18. commission 佣金
19. a commission of....%; ....% commission.百分之几佣金
20. your ..% commission你的百分之几佣金
21. The above price includes your commission of 2%.上述价格包括你方2%佣金.
22. general practice 惯例
23. accept an order 接受订单
24. cancel an order 撤消订单
25. confirm an order 确认订单
26. execute an order 履行订单
27. a back order 尚未执行的订单
28. a fresh order 新订单
29. a repeat order 续订订单
条件句在谈判中的作用性
条件句分为以下四类：虚拟条件句、真实条件句、含蓄条件句及条件问句不同条件句作用自然也有所不同。
(1)虚拟条件句，在我们想表示询问、请求、否认或赞许时的一种委婉的语气，征询别人的意见及建议。同时也表达了对他人的尊重，这种句子容易获得他人好感，有助于在谈判中获得他人赞赏，由此帮助谈判获得成功。
(2)真实条件句，是用来表达准确信息的句子，商务谈判涉及双方利益，通过谈判争取达到双方共赢，在谈判途中，双方皆有不可触碰的底线，坚决守护自己的基本利益。有时在僵局中，真实条件句还可以起着绝处逢生的作用。
(3)含蓄条件句，这种句型常用于英语信函及正式文件中，有一定的规范和格式，且语言商务英语所用语言正式、精炼，用词严谨、规范。
(4)条件问句，人之间的交流总是少不了问句，只有通过提问，你才能获得你想要的信息，商务谈判中也一样，可别想对方主动告诉你，提问也是一种技巧，提出问题是交流得开始，所以可见条件问句在谈判中也起着不可或缺的作用。
语言是人类沟通的桥梁，英语则是国际商务谈判中双方沟通的桥梁，只有掌握好英语，并且拥有足够的谈判技巧，才能在国际商务谈判中获得足够优势，最后取得谈判的成功。
交易磋商
一、交易磋商的形式
(一)书面磋商：通过信件、电报、电传等通信方式进行交易磋商
(二)口头磋商：交易双方面对面谈判，
1、口头磋商的特点：
信息传递迅速。有利于感情交流。便于观察对方的态度。交易费用高。对谈判人员的素质要求高
2、口头磋商的准备工作
(1)谈判队伍的组织
(2)确定交易的目标市场
(3)调查和了解谈判对手：对手的实力/对手的需求与诚意/对手的谈判风格
(4)选择合适的谈判地点
(5)拟定谈判方案
二、交易磋商的内容
1、交易的主要条件：品名、品质、数量、包装、价格、装运、支付条件
2、一般交易条件：商检、索赔、仲裁、不可抗力
三、交易磋商的程序(重点)
(一)询盘(enuiry)
1、含义：交易一方向另一方询问有关商品的交易条件的行为。
2、形式：口头与书面
3、性质：无法律约束力/不是交易磋商的必经步骤
4、意义：借以了解行情/占据主动地位
(二)发盘(offer)又称报价或 “要约” (重点)
1、含义：一方向另一方提出某商品的交易条件，并表示愿意按此条件达成交易、订立合同的行为。
2、当事人：发盘人/受盘人
3、性质：对发盘人具有法律约束力/是交易磋商的必经步骤
4.构成条件
发盘有特定的受盘人//发盘内容十分确定//表明发盘人受发盘的约束//发盘必须送达受盘人
5. 有效期：指发盘对发盘人约束的期限，也是受盘人接受发盘的期限
规定方法：规定最迟接受期限：“限15日复到有效”。 /规定一段接受时间：“发盘3天有效”。
6、发盘的生效、撤回与撤销
发盘在送达受盘人时生效。
发盘的撤回：指发盘尚未送达受盘人之前，由发盘人将其取消。
发盘撤回的条件：只要撤回的通知早于或者同时与发盘送达受盘人
发盘的撤销：指已经生效的发盘，由发盘人将其撤销
英美法系：发盘在被接受前，发盘人一般可以随时撤销或变更内容，
大陆法系：发盘人在有效期内不得撤销。
《公约》：在未订立合同之前，发盘可以撤销，但撤销通知必须于受盘人发出接受通知之前送
达受盘人。
例外情况，发盘不得撤销：
1)发盘写明接受发盘的期限或以其它方式表示发盘是不可撤销的。
2)受盘人有理由相信该发盘是不可撤销的，并本着对该发盘的信赖采取了行动。
7、发盘的终止(失效)：指发盘失去法律效力，发盘人不受发盘的约束，受盘人也失去接受该发盘的权利
下列情况，发盘失效：发盘被有效撤回或撤销/受盘人作出还盘/发盘有效期届满/出现不可抗力
(三)还盘(counter-offer)，(还价)
1、含义：受盘人不同意或不完全同意发盘人提出的交易条件，对发盘提出修改或变更意见的行为 。
2、性质：对发盘的拒绝，构成一个新发盘。有法律效力
(四)接受(Acceptance)又称为承诺。(重点)
1.含义：受盘人接到对方的发盘或还盘后，及时以声明或行为向对方表示同意，愿意与对方达成交易的行为。
2、性质：有法律效力
3.构成条件
(1)接受必须由受盘人作出
(2)接受必须表示出来
(3)接受必须与发盘完全相符：无条件接受
《公约》第19条规定：实质性的修改(价格、付款、质量、数量、交货时间和地点)是拒绝发盘
非实质性的修改是否构成有效接受，取决于发盘人是否反对
(4)接受必须在发盘有效期内送达发盘人
一项有效接受是必须在有效期内送达受盘人，还是只要在有效期发出即可?
英美法系：采用“投邮生效”原则
大陆法系：采用“到达生效”原则
《公约》：采用“到达生效”原则
4、逾期接受：受盘人的接受通知超过发盘规定的有效期才送达发盘人
逾期接受是无效的，只能看成新发盘
例外情况，逾期接受有效：
(1)发盘人毫不迟延地用口头或书面将逾期接受有效的意思通知受盘人。
(2)不可抗力导致的逾期接受具有接受的效力，除非发盘人毫不迟延地用口头或书面通知受盘人，
他认为他的发盘已经失效
5.接受的撤回和撤销
《公约》：撤回通知先于或同时与接受送达发盘人，接受可撤回。
英美法系：接受不可撤回
已生效的接受，不可撤销。
外贸英语：报盘和还盘offer(1)
We have the offer ready for you.
我们已经为你准备好报盘了，
I come to hear about your offer for fertilizers.
我来听听你们有关化肥的报盘。
Please make us a cable offer.
请来电报盘。
Please make an offer for the bamboo shoots of the quality as that in the last contract.
请把上次合同中订的那种质量的竹笋向我们报个价，
We are in a position to offer tea from stock.
我们现在可以报茶叶现货。
We'll try our best to get a bid from the buyers.
我们一定尽力获得买主的.递价。
We'll let you have the official offer next Monday.
下星期就给您正式报盘。
I'm waiting for your offer.
我正等您的报价。
We can offer you a quotation based upon the international market.
我们可以按国际市场价格给您报价。
我是在****国际贸易公司(** ** INTERNATIONAL TRADE CORP)实习的，在刚开始实习的时候，我是不知所措的，经过同学和老师的指导，我慢慢地步上了正轨，但是在操作的过程中还是有点畏首畏尾，怕出错，但是又想，只要认真地做好每一步，就不会有什么大的问题。然后，同学们也互相鼓励，终于我沉下了心，认真地做，当遇到不懂的地方就主动地请教老师和同学，就这样，一步一步地把每个步骤都做好了。
国际贸易的中间环节多，涉及面方，除交易双方当事人外，还涉及商检、运输、保险、金融、车站、港口和海关等部门以及各种中间商和代理商。如果哪个环节出了问题，就会影响整笔交易的正常进行，并有可能引起法律上的纠纷。
实习是从与外国公司建立贸易关系开始的，然后就是根据自己的业务(进口或是出口)与客户进行询盘、发盘、还盘、接受，再就是订立合同，合同订好后，就是单据、发货、审单等，经过多个步骤一项业务才能有完成。在各个步骤中，都不能有任何的错误和偏差，否则，会给自己公司带来很大的损失。在建交时，一定要诚心诚意，让对方相信我方是他最好的合作伙伴，在询盘、发盘、还盘、接受等各项业务时，一定要认真核算成本、利润、利润率，以保证我方的利益，在制造各种单据、审核单据时一定要做到与合同以及信用证相符，以免到时候出现银行拒付货款的事情。在每一个步骤进行时，当出现差错时，一定要及时改正且与对方取得联系，与对方商议，取得一致协商同意，这样才能保证交易的公平与顺利进行。
我在实习过程中，在计算成本核算时，由于对方要订购的商品种类有四种且每一种商品都得报两个价，每一种商品都要自己去查询相关的资料，比如商品的质量、包装、体积、购货成本、汇率、增值税率、各种商品所适用的货物等级、海洋运价、海关税则等)由于平时对这些东西不够熟练且不太在意，我花去了太多的时间在这个上面，且在计算时，经常出错，这说明自己的业务水平还很差，需要不断地加强;在制单的时候，，也是这样，需要填写的东西没填，不需要填的却填了，结果是，一张好好地单据被我弄得乱七八糟;在审单的时候，是我最困难的时候，因为是对对方的相关单据审核，我只是注意一些货物方面的东西，比如订货的数量、包装等，却没有注意审核一些看起来很正常实际上却有着很大隐患的东西，像公司的名名称、地址、付款条件等，这些也是非常重要的，一旦出错，会对公司产生很大的影响;当一切敲定时，我却忘了善后工作，对方银行开来了拒付通知，我一时手足无措，心想前面的工作都做得很顺利，为什么银行还是拒付款呢，然后我仔细看了拒付的理由，心里才有了底，跟对方通过信函联系，双方取得了一致意见，最后总算是一笔交易成功了。在最后，我还写了一封感谢对方的合作且希望下次再继续合作的善后信。
此次实习，让我意识到，掌握理论知识是做好实践的基本前提。国际贸易术语的掌握要“与时俱进”，且要掌据透彻，不能似懂非懂且不能守旧，牢牢熟记《国际贸易术语通则》各种术语所适用的交货条件、运输条件、付款条件、保险条件等，这样有利于快速清楚地计算成交价格、成本和还盘利润及利润率等;熟悉各种货物的运输等级、运费率等;汇率也是非常重要的，这对付款是非常重要的，按何时何种汇率计算，都关系到交易双方的切身利益。其次是要懂得一些国际商法方面的知识，这样当在遇到纠纷时，可以随时用来维护自身利益和说服对方，使交易顺利进行。最重要的是学好英语，外贸中语言的沟通非常普遍和实用，一定要学好外语，这是和外商沟通的必备的桥梁。此次实习中，也使我确实感受到了团队精神的作用。每个人，生活在这个社会中，都必须随时处于一个团队中，不可能孤立存在，我们能够顺利完成此次实习，与大家的努力与协作是分不开的。虽然在实习期间，我们没有真正接触到实际的外贸业务，但是老师告诉我们，每一笔买卖都不是个人能够完成的，都是大家各司其职，齐心协力的结果。所以一定要重视团队协作精神。只有这样我们才更好地解决我们与老师在教学的过程中的冲突。更好地解决我们对知识的理解。
外贸英语：报盘和还盘 Offer(2)
My offer was based on reasonable profit, not on wild speculations.
我的报价以合理利润为依据，不是漫天要价。
We have received offers recently, most of which are below 100 . dollars.
我们最近的报价大多数都在100美圆以下。
Moreover, We've kept the price close to the costs of production.
再说，这已经把价格压到生产费用的边缘了。
I think the price we offered you last week is the best one.
相信我上周的报价是最好的`。
No other buyers have bid higher than this price.
没有别的买主的出价高于此价。
The price you offered is above previous prices.
你方报价高于上次。
It was a higher price than we offered to other suppliers.
此价格比我们给其他供货人的出价要高。
We can't accept your offer unless the price is reduced by 5%.
除非你们减价5%，否则我们无法接受报盘。
I'm afraid I don't find your price competitive at all.
我看你们的报价毫无任何竞争性。
Let me make you a special offer.
好吧，我给你一个特别优惠价。
We'll give you the preference of our offer.
我们将优先向你们报盘。
I should have thought my offer was reasonable.
我本以为我的报价是合理的。
You'll see that our offer compares favorably with the quotations you can get elsewhere.
你会发现我们的报价比别处要便宜。
This offer is based on an expanding market and is competitive.
此报盘着眼于扩大销路而且很有竞争性。
Words&
纯贸易业是直接从事商品购销活动的贸易行业，分为批发贸易和零售贸易。企业中的经销行业，就是指行业主管部门、大企业集团公司内专门从事产品销售，并独立核算流通效果的买卖商品的行业。一般认为信息咨询业是通过利用各种信息处理技术
对各类信息开展搜集、加工、整理、分析、传递，向客户提供解决问题的方案、策略、建议、规划或措施等信息产品的知识型产业。证券流通业是指专门从事各种证券、债券、股票买卖的盆业和中介机构。也就是国际上通用的'公司组织形式的证券交易所。药房业是指医疗机构中经销药物商品，并独立核算效益的药房行业。水、电、气流通业是指管道煤气、天然气、自来水、热水、电力和管道液体燃料等行业的独立核算的销售部门。饮食服务业是专门从事加工烹制饮食品，并为顾客提供就地消费、就地服务的特殊的贸易行业。物流业是专门从事商品集并、储存、运输、配送、为流通服务的行业。
要求按现金提货方式装运订货
Dear Sir or Madam:
Thank you for your order dated 28 April for 40 widgets. We would like to arrange for immediate shipment. Unfortunately, we do not have sufficient credit information to offer you open account terms at this time. Would it be acceptable to ship this order cash on delivery?
If you wish to receive open account terms for your next order, please provide us with the standard financial statement and bank reference. This information will be held in the strictest confidence.
We look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
Hillary
延迟付款
Dear Sir or Madam:
Thank you for your letter dated 24 March. We are very sorry to hear about your company’s current financial problems.
We have considered your request to delay payment of your outstanding balance of US$ until 1 May of this year. We are happy to tell you that we can agree to your proposal.
We must add, however, that this preferential treatment is being given only because of your current circumstances. It cannot be taken as a precedent for our future commercial relationship.
We wish you better times ahead.
Yours sincerely,
Hillary
确认供货
Dear Sir or Madam:
As a result of our recent exchange of information, we have a strong interest to work with your proposal.
Please see the following terms and conditions as a confirmation of the start of our business relationship.
Product Name:
Spec. Number:
Quantity:
Price:
Packing:
Payment:
We hope that this first transaction will come to a successful conclusion for both of us. We look forward to continuing a mutually beneficial trade between our companies.
Yours faithfully,
Hillary
回复 询盘 告知无货
Referring to your letter of 5 June, we very much regret that we are unable to make you an offer for the goods you demand. The reason is that the product you need has been out of stock. What’s more our manufacturers have declined orders because of shortage of raw materials.
We shall, however, file your inquiry and cable you our offers as soon as we have got supplies.
我方收到贵公司6月5日来函，但非常遗憾，我方无法对贵方所需产品报盘。其原因是，此货品在我处已经脱销。而且，由于原料短缺，生产厂家已经拒绝了我方订单。
我方已将贵方询函备案，一经有货，我方将以电报报盘。
回复 询盘 ，量大折价
We are pleased to receive your letter of 5 July and enclose our catalogue and price list. Also by separate post we are sending you the samples of our products. Our catalogue contains items and their specifications of our supplies. Through comparing our prices with those of other suppliers, you will appreciate the moderate prices of ours. For a total purchase of not less than 100,000 and not more than 200,000 American dollars, we would allow a discount of 10% and for a purchase larger than 200,000 American dollars, we would allow a 20% special discount.
很高兴收到贵公司7月5日来函。现寄上产品目录与价目表。同时另封寄去样品，请查收。
所寄产品目录包括本公司产品的品名、规格。与其他厂商的价格比较，我方的报价定会使贵方满意。
凡总定购量超过100,000美元但不足200,000美元者，我方将给予10%的折扣;凡总定购量超过200,000美元者，我方将给予20%的折扣。
如何追问买方意见
In reply to your inquiry we sent you on May 25 a copy of illustrated catalog of our electric products. As we have not heard from you since, we would like to ask whether you have had received our reply and what opinion you have on our products. We are always ready to serve you and should be grateful for your reply.
在5月25日我方对贵方询函的回函中，已寄去本公司电器产品的附图目录。因迄今尚未接到贵方的消息，特致函询问，贵方是否已收到我方回函，并征求贵方对本公司产品的意见。我方随时愿意效劳，若承蒙贵方惠赐回函，当不胜感激。
如何询问参展条件
From yesterday’s Morning Paper we have learned that you are now taking applications from exhibitors for the 2000 Canton Fair. We hope you would send us a copy of detailed conditions for application, such as size of each booth, fees for rent, and time schedule for moving in, etc., as well as the time limit for application.
从昨天《晨报》上获悉，贵单位正在征集“20 广交会 ”的参展申请。希望贵方能将展位大孝租用展位价格、进场时间、最迟申请日期等详细情况通知我方。
敬启者；
我们从阿里巴巴得知贵公司的名称。
我们公司是一个专营纺织品的大规模的公司，在世界市场上享有良好的声誉。现在，我方公司将会每月为贵公司能提供新的设计。
我方公司将写信与贵公司建立直接的业务关系。
如果贵公司想要下订单，请告知，如按贵公司的有需要我们将很乐意求提供我们的.设计样本册，为了更好的准备货物如有现货订单，我方在收到你方订单之后三天之内装运。
我们期待你的回复。
敬上，
范文二：
Dear Sirs;
The Bbank of Cchina Shanghai Branch has informed us that your company is a large importer of textiles products. We have the pleasure of introducing ourselves to you ,our company is as a local
the largest textile manufactures in our area. Enclosed please find varies pictures of a variety of our quality textiles picture products.
Besides, we are desirous of the details of your requirement, so as to provide better service.
1 Your specialized in market/
2 Categories of your specialized products
We are looking forward to establishing long-term business relations.
Best regards
范文三：
March 7,
Dear sirs,
We have your name from Messrs. Smith Co.
Our company is a large leading cooperation specializing in textiles items. We have been engaged in this line for 20 years, ()and have business relations with many countries in Southeast Asia.
We are writing you to enter into direct business relations with you. We hope you can send us the latest product catalog and pricelist.
We are looking forward to your inquiry.
Yours Sincerely,
Jone Smith
Manager of Import Department
范文四：
Dear sirs,
Thank for your letter of March 7th, informing us of your interest in our product. We look forward to establishing positive business relationship with your corporation.
We are mainly dealing in the export of Chinese light industrial products. We are convinced that our joint business efforts will be to our mutual benefits.
As requested, a booklet including a general introduction of our latest product catalog together with our samples. Should you require any further information, please do not hesitate to let us know.
Yours faithfully,
投诉与处理ComplaintsandAdjustment
` Nusantata Trading Co. Ltd. Jalan Malaks Jakarta
Indonesia
Tel ： 62 21 380000000 Fax： 62 21 380000001
January 18, 200#
Ms. Leung Suet Chan
Deputy Manager
New Times Trading Company Limited
13-14/F., Industry Building
35 Harbour Road, Wanchai
Hong Kong
China
Dear Ms. Leung
Order NT-20717
Thank you for your fax of 17 January. We are extremely sorry to learn that an error was made in carton 13 of the above order.
The missing 9,000 ball pens were sent this morning by Cathay Airways and the documents have alreadly been forwarded you.
We greatly regret the inconvenience caused by this and the previous two errors and offer ore sincere apologies. We can assure you that every effect will be made to ensure that similar errors do not occur again.
Yours sincerely
Rob Subbaraman
Export Mangager
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