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Junior
Unit14 The birth of a festival
Ⅰ.Teaching aims
about festival and customs
expreing and supporting an opinion a festival of China
Ⅱ.Knowledge aims Words: harvest, honors, ancestor, creatively, generation, purpose, faith, commercial, similar, salute, celebration…..Phrases:
hear about, so that, as well as, believe in, get together, play a trick on sb… Sentence:
was born in 1966, when people created a new festival so that African American would be able to celebrate their history and African first-fruit festivals had many things in must do as much as we can to make our community better and more Kwanzaa is a time for learning as well as joy, people celebrate it by lighting a candle each day and discuing one of the seven principles of
Grammar hear about=learnt about
hear of sb.=have a knowledge of much/great faith in sb./ little/no faith in sb./ faith with well as+clause
do as much as do have honour to sb.=do honour to sb.(do )
Ⅲ.Teaching key and difficult points:
Teaching key: understand the text and using your own words to retell the point：how to use phrases: as well as, so that, have … in aids:
1)Raising question approach 2)Discuion approach
3)task-based approach
*Teaching means: use the multi-media as an aistant means in teaching.Ⅳ.Teaching steps: Step 1 Lead-in
1）Have a free talk about festival in China, and then discu the question in Pre-reading on page does your family celebrate the Spring Festival? do we celebrate the Spring Festival? festivals help us understand our history and culture? kind of gifts and things do people buy during major festival like Christmas and the Spring Festival? 2）Show the student 3 pictures about Kwanzaa and then discu what’s the picture about ?
Step 2 Listening comprehensions
1)Present the students the questions before listening to the )Get the students to listen to the tape and then answer the following questions.① Why did people create Kwanzaa? ② Many festival around the world are celebrated around the same do we celebrate these festivals at these times?
Step 3 Fast reading
1)Tell the students the task of reading before they read the )After reading then summary the main idea of this
Step 4 Language points
Phrases: hear about, seven-day, celebrating, get together, so that, have…in common, harvest, honour, as well as, as much as we can do, believe in, so that, keep faith with, show honour to sb., in honour : was born in 1966, when people created a new festival so that African American would be able to celebrate their history and African first-fruit festivals had many things in must do as much as we can to make our community better and more Kwanzaa is a time for learning as well as joy, people celebrate it by lighting a candle each day and discuing one of the seven principles of Kwanzaa..Step 5 Intensive reading
1)Tell the students the task of reading before they read the paage once )Get the students to read the paage more carefully and then discu the following questions in groups.① Compare Kwanzaa with the Chinese Spring festival and which way are they similar and in which war are they different?
② Look at the seven principle of one do you think is the most important? Why? Are there any other festivals which have one or more of the same principles?
Step 6 Task—based activity 1)Ask the students act as an announcer and introduce Mid-autumn festival to the )Show some picture for the students to )Give them some key , traditional, Mid-autumn festival, moon cakes, Chang E, celebrate, get together, big )Give the students an example when Summary
1)Go through the important points and difficult points of this leon with the students once )Come to the screen ① To know about the brief history of the Kwanzaa.② To get more information about the Kwanzaa.③ To master the important words, phrases and sentences.④ To retell the
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Junior
Unit14 The birth of a festival
Ⅰ.Teaching aims about festival and customs
expreing and supporting an opinion a festival of China
Ⅱ.Knowledge aims Words: harvest, honors, ancestor, creatively, generation, purpose, faith, commercial, similar, salute, celebration…..Phrases:
hear about, so that, as well as, believe in, get together, play a trick on sb… Sentence:
was born in 1966, when people created a new festival so that African American would be able to celebrate their history and African first-fruit festivals had many things in must do as much as we can to make our community better and more Kwanzaa is a time for learning as well as joy, people celebrate it
by lighting a candle each day and discuing one of the seven principles of hear about=learnt about
hear of sb.=have a knowledge of much/great faith in sb./ little/no faith in sb./ faith with well as+clause
do as much as do have honour to sb.=do honour to sb.(do )
Ⅲ.Teaching key and difficult points:
Teaching key: understand the text and using your own words to retell the point：how to use phrases: as well as, so that, have … in aids:
1)Raising question approach 2)Discuion approach
3)task-based approach
*Teaching means: use the multi-media as an aistant means in
Ⅳ.Teaching steps: Step 1 Lead-in
1）Have a free talk about festival in China, and then discu the question in Pre-reading on page does your family celebrate the Spring Festival? do we celebrate the Spring Festival? festivals help us understand our history and culture? kind of gifts and things do people buy during major festival like Christmas and the Spring Festival? 2）Show the student 3 pictures about Kwanzaa and then discu what’s the picture about ?
Step 2 Listening comprehensions
1)Present the students the questions before listening to the )Get the students to listen to the tape and then answer the following questions.① Why did people create Kwanzaa? ② Many festival around the world are celebrated around the same do we celebrate these festivals at these times?
Step 3 Fast reading
1)Tell the students the task of reading before they read the
2)After reading then summary the main idea of this 4 Language points
Phrases: hear about, seven-day, celebrating, get together, so that, have…in common, harvest, honour, as well as, as much as we can do, believe in, so that, keep faith with, show honour to sb., in honour : was born in 1966, when people created a new festival so that African American would be able to celebrate their history and African first-fruit festivals had many things in must do as much as we can to make our community better and more Kwanzaa is a time for learning as well as joy, people celebrate it by lighting a candle each day and discuing one of the seven principles of Kwanzaa..Step 5 Intensive reading
1)Tell the students the task of reading before they read the paage once )Get the students to read the paage more carefully and then discu the following questions in
① Compare Kwanzaa with the Chinese Spring festival and which way are they similar and in which war are they different? ② Look at the seven principle of one do you think is the most important? Why? Are there any other festivals which have one or more of the same principles?
Step 6 Task—based activity 1)Ask the students act as an announcer and introduce Mid-autumn festival to the )Show some picture for the students to )Give them some key , traditional, Mid-autumn festival, moon cakes, Chang E, celebrate, get together, big )Give the students an example when Summary
1)Go through the important points and difficult points of this leon with the students once )Come to the screen ① To know about the brief history of the Kwanzaa.② To get more information about the Kwanzaa.③ To master the important words, phrases and
④ To retell the 8 Homework 1)Finish some )Write a paage about a festival of )Preview
1.阅读课的教学方案
aims: the students’ reading the students to realize...（激发）the students’ interest and... methods: reading to get general idea of the reading to understand the paage procedures（程序）： Step1
Lead-in Use some pictures of...to lead in the 2
Pre-reading a gue game:... another gue game:...Step 3
Predict（预测）
the students to predict what the reading paage talks about according to the title and illustrations（插图）of teacher can give some clues by talking about the illustrations:......Step 4
Skimming（略读）
the students skim the whole paage to get the main idea, then evaluate their this activity, the teacher should give some guidance（指导）on reading idea of the paage:... the students skim the paage and divide it into different parts to find out the main idea of every part an the topic 1(paragraph 1...)......Step 5
Careful reading...（问题）
Ask the students to scan the second part and complete the chart（图表）with information from the the students to read carefully and finish the following tasks:......（设计一些问题或判断对错等）
2.听说课的教学方案：
Knowledge aims listen to and understand the listening can master the following expreions:...（一些句型）Ability aims students to catch and understand the listening students’ ability to get special information and take note while students to learn and use the expreions of...Emotional aim students to know more about... students’ sense of...Teaching procedures Step 1
Lead-in Play a game... students into them each two minutes to think of......（游戏过程）
Step 2
Pre-listening students they will listen to a dialogue about... students some directions and make them predict what the listening text is 3
While-listening students listen to the tape first to get the main idea and decide whether their prediction gist right or students to listen to the tape them listen and answer some questions.(Show the questions on the blackboard) exchange the information and listen to the tape a third time for them have the correct 4
Post-listening 2-3 minutes to students to ask questions if they have students the listening text and let them read it students read aloud the questions and expreions on the blackboard:...(之前目标里的句型) sure they will understand and enable to use the, Then let them in Pairs discu... some pairs to act out their dialogue in front of the 5
Homework sentences with the expreions in the the internet to find out more information about...3.给一篇文章用来讲语法的课堂设计
Knowledge objectives To learn the use of...（语法点）Ability objectives
To use...（语法）correctly and properly according to the objectives
become interested in grammar develop the sense of group cooperation Teaching important points Get students to learn and master the new grammar item:...（语法）Teaching difficult points Enable students to learn how to use... procedures Step 1
Revision the homework students dictate some new words and 2
Discovering useful structures students to read through the paage..., pick out the sentences where...（语法）are, and then underline...（语法）
students work in pairs to translate these sentences and try to understand the use of... students observe the sentences and draw the conclusion:...Step 3
Understanding and summarizing
students to work in pairs to finish the following exercises on how...are used.(Show the following on the screen)...Step 4
Using structures(Show the following exercises on the screen or give out exercises papers.)Answer the following questions using...... students to work in group of them four minutes to finish the work and ask each group to choose the best students to choose the best 5
Playing the game Get into groups and play the game: Step 6
Closing down by a quiz.(Show some exercises on the screen.)Let students finish them within a few minutes, then check the answers with the whole .写作课的教学方案
Knowledge objectives By the end of this leon the students: have a better understanding of the structure and characteristics of an grasp some useful words and expreions to describe a good restaurant such as:...Ability objectives grasp the use of persuasive improve the ability of in gathering, analyzing, comparing and making objectives improve the students’ learning make the students become improve their ability of cooperating with each other through important and difficult points Task-based approach, cooperating approach and communicative procedures Step 1
Revision & lead in First check the homework of last let the students swap the homework with each other and discu in groups of 4, take notes, find out and category the impreive sentences into 5 kinds of information:...Step 2
Discuing students 4 pictures of... 3 students to report their work, show them the pictures of...Step 3
Pre-writing them the sample... the...and think over what are the characteristics of..., encourage some students to analyze and tell their 4
While-writing students to read the requirements on the them to write the topic sentence first, and then write at least 6 supporting sentences to...Step 5
Post-writing Let them swap their paage with each other and recommend 3 most succeful...Step 6
Homework
students’ writing and write some more aspects of...Their final work will be modified and selected, then the most succeful ones will be put up on the English the words and expreions in this .阅读课的教学方案
Teaching aims know the meaning and usage of the following words:...To understand some important sentences in the text and know the structure and usage of master the micro-reading skills through skimming and know the ability and knowledge...and develop the ability of getting information from the paage and dealing with the methods Task-based learning;situational learning;group work key and difficult points enable the students to get the main idea of the paage, analyze the structure, and get useful train the students of micro-reading skills such as skimming and scanning, and develop their ability of reorganizing and transferring proce Step 1
Pre-reading Question: Step 2
Skimming Questions(To explain some words and structures.)Step 3
Detailed reading Step 4
Interview Step 5
Summary Step 6
Homework and practice the dialogue after cla the useful words and expreions in the paage and do exercises on the textbook following the paage to consolidate them.
第一，基本上每个机构都会先让你做个2-3分钟的自我介绍。（自我介绍主要考口语，从自我介绍中可以看出你的英语发音，英语大致水平，你的个性及简历。看你面试的什么的学校和机构，多大规模的。有名气的学校应聘者比较多，所以从自我介绍就会筛选掉一批人。这里筛选掉的应聘者，主要是连口语发音都不清楚，语言组织能力混乱，个性放不开过于紧张不善表达等等）记住，如果你的英语水平很好，只要以最放松的心态去面试，绝对能发挥的最好。
第二，15分钟左右的DEMO展示课。一般都是复试的时候要求。这是最重要的环节，因为英语好不代表你能教课，如果没有教学经验会比较麻烦。也看用人机构是想要新老师还是要有经验的老师。但是我觉得，好的机构和学校都不会放弃有潜力的好老师，所以即使你没有经验，如果你很活泼大方英语又好，也是很有希望录用的。
说课的基本步骤：
（打招呼，这是基本步骤，一定要和学生或者听课的老师打招呼，声音好听响亮面带微笑）
up（热身，主要是小歌谣类的TPR，最好有动作，老师要放的开）
（演示，教授新单词新课，最好有闪卡，机构会提供，如果自己做更好。导入有创意能加分。）
（游戏环节是非常重要的，最最简单的就是比赛，指单词或者跑卡类的）
up（收尾部分，很重要，复习教授过的单词和句子，最后再以Goodbye song结尾的歌曲来结束课堂。有头有尾很重要）
还有很多小细节的问题我就不说了，太多东西。
第三，有的考官会让你展示才艺表演，比如唱歌跳舞之类的。（和少儿英语相关的就可以，比如儿童歌谣）。
有的学校和机构有笔试，只要你的英语不错，根本不用担心。
另外，我觉得，最最重要的，你要清楚自己的选择，你为什么要当老师？你要真正爱这行，你的英语要过关，发音要好，你想想，你教的是少儿英语，是孩子的启蒙老师，这个角色真的很重要呢。
但是目前很多学校和机构的教师水平参差不齐，无法要求少儿英语老师要怎样怎样，只能说，尽力用心去教去学，都会有收获的。
放松、自信的去应聘，考官提什么问题都不要紧。祝你好运。
【摘要】目的：分析护理干预在老年失眠患者治疗中的应用效果。方法：选取20_年10月至20_年10月期间在我院治疗的的100例老年失眠患者，随机分为观察组和对照组，每组各50例，观察组在常规护理的基础上给予护理干预，对照组实施常规护理，比较两种患者的护理效果，并记录相关数据。结果：对照组入睡时间明显低于常规组，差异有统计学意义（P
【关键词】护理干预；老年失眠患者；睡眠质量
失眠是最为普遍的睡眠障碍，是由心理因素、环境因素、疾病因素和药物因素等各种原因引起的。我国有很多人群存在失眠问题，其中老年人所占的比重最大。长期的失眠会对老年人的身体健康产生很大的影响，对老年人的健康造成威胁。选取20_年10月至20_年10月期间在我院治疗的的100例老年失眠患者，
对部分患者实施护理干预，效果显著，现将相关结果报告如下。
1.资料与方法
一般资料
选取20_年10月至20_年10月期间在我院治疗的的100例老年失眠患者为此次研究对象，随机分为观察组和对照组，每组各50例。观察组男性23例，女性27例，患者年龄为61～81岁，平均年龄为（±）岁，对照组男性24例，女性26例，患者年龄为60～80岁，平均年龄为（±）岁。两组患者在性别、年龄等一般资料上无显著差异，无统计学意义（P>），具有可比性。
1. 2纳入与排除标准
纳入标准：（1）患者年龄≥60岁；（2）符合失眠诊断标准且失眠症状持续一个月以上；（3）患者意识清楚，无语言障碍。排除标准：（1）存在智力或认知障碍；（2）由精神障碍或躯体疾病导致的失眠。
1. 3方法
观察组
观察组患者在常规护理的基础上给予护理干预，具体措施如下：（1）心理护理：老年人比较容易产生焦虑失眠等状况，这些不良情况会严重影响患者的睡眠状况，要注重与老年人的交流，使老年患者队失眠有一个正确的认识，倾听老年人的想法，减轻老年患者对失眠的恐惧心理；（2）改善睡眠环境：要为患者营造一个舒适的睡眠环境，减少外界的刺激，将病房内的温度、湿度进行控制，保持病房环境的清洁、温馨[1]；（3）睡前护理：调整患者不良的睡眠习惯，加强患者睡眠的规律性，避免睡前吸烟饮酒，睡前做适当的按摩，可以在睡前适当饮用牛奶，尽量减少患者使用催眠药；（4）针灸护理：对患者实施针灸护理，使患者的大脑皮层达到平衡，调节大脑兴奋状态；
对照组
对照组患者采用常规护理方法进行护理，进行常规入院指导和出院指导，必要时使用催眠药物。
1. 4评价方法和指标
平均入睡时间：对患者的睡眠时间进行记录，分为1h内、1-2h和2h以上；睡眠时间：患者入睡后到凌晨起床的时间。满意度：在患者出院后以随访的形式进行调查，分为满意、基本满意、一般和不满意四个等级。睡眠效率：睡眠效率=睡眠时间/卧床时间×100%。
统计学分析
对两组数据均运用统计学方法和采用统计学软件，计量资料采用（均数士标准差）表示，计数资料采用卡方检验，以P
2.结果
两组患者入睡时间
对比两组患者的入睡时间，对照组入睡时间明显低于常规组，两组对比差异显著，具有统计学意义（P
两组患者睡眠时间和睡眠效率比较
对比两组患者的睡眠时间和睡眠效率，观察组优势明显，两组对比差异显著，具有统计学意义（P
两组患者护理满意度的比较
观察组患者30例满意，14例基本满意，3例一般满意，3例不满意，总满意率为94%（47/50）；对照组患者15例满意，14例基本满意，11例一般满意，10例不满意，总满意率为80%（40/50），两组对比差异显著，具有统计学意义（P
3.讨论
失眠对于老年人的生活质量有严重的影响，危害老年人的身体和心理健康，提高老年失眠患者的睡眠质量是老年医学工作的重点。对于存在失眠障碍的老年人来说，需要寻找失眠发生的原因，对症治疗[2]。
不良睡眠习惯是导致老年人睡眠障碍的主要原因。不良睡眠习惯的主要表现为患者不规律的生活方式，如饮用咖啡、睡前进食、饮酒和睡前剧烈的活动都会导致患者失眠。要加强对老年失眠患者的健康教育，纠正不良的睡眠习惯，提高患者的睡眠质量。睡眠环境也会对患者的睡眠质量产生影响，过于嘈杂、过于明亮和过于拥挤的睡眠环境都会导致老年失眠患者难以入睡，所以要为患者创造安静、舒适、温馨的睡眠环境，增加患者的睡眠时间，提高睡眠质量。在本文的研究中，对照组入睡时间明显低于常规组，对比两组患者的睡眠时间和睡眠效率，观察组优势明显，两组对比差异显著，具有统计学意义（P
综上所述，对老年失眠患者实施护理干预能有效延长患者的睡眠时间，提高患者的睡眠质量和对护理的满意度，值得临床推广。
【参考文献】
[1]罗霞，王娟，董俊等.护理干预预防手术室消化道手术患者切口感染的效果分析[J].中国实用医药，20_，06（30）：170-171.
[2]蔡建芬，李晓丽.护理干预对手术室切口感染的预防效果分析[J].中国现代医生，20_，52（21）：70-73.
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