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Topic: Environmental problems are as big as not for individual country or individual people to address. In other word, we have reached the stage that environmental problems be solved for international view. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
In recent years, many nations have become more aware of the environmental issues each nation faces, such as air and water pollution. The question is, are the environmental issues a national problem or an international problem?
It is my belief that the environmental issues have grown to the point of becoming an international problem needing international cooperation to resolve. Because of the differences in environmental policies, resources and technology, international cooperation could provide quicker results and have a greater impact on bringing resolution to environmental problems for nations of differing environmental policies and of lesser resources and technology. By pooling international resources and technology to address the environmental problems, the disadvantaged nations are provided the assistance needed. Otherwise their environmental conditions deteriorate ultimately affecting the resources and environment of the world as a whole. One of the difficulities to an international resolution to environmental issues is the difference in individual nations view and policies toward environmental protection.
In order for international cooperation to occur and succeed, the nations of the world must submit themselved to international standards and supervision by an international commission elected by the participating nations of the world. All members must agree to abide by the standards established. The environmental issues facing each country are not unrelated to the well being of the rest of the world. The impact is long term and international in scope. Without international cooperation and agreement to address such environmental issues as glacial melting at the South Pole, depletion of the ozone layer, water pollution, air polution, etc., the environmental conditions of the world will deteriorate to the detriment of every nation, not just those that ignore or lack the resources and technology to resolve their individual environmental problems.
As part of the same planet, it is the responsibility of each individual and nation to protect the global environment. Only international cooperation will provide the timely solutions and the effectiveness needed to stop the deteriorating global environment.
When we read newspapers, our attention is always attracted by increasing unemployment rate in young graduates who are leaving college. In my opinion, there are many causes for this disquieting phenomenon and we should try to solve the problem.
Most companies would rather employ a low-educational specialized worker than a this-years graduate from a well-known university. For companies, they are more likely to choose the candidates with rich working experience. Apparently enough, the training for young graduates usually costs them a large quantity of time and money. In addition, the current education system brings on a lot of bookworms who are adept in theoretical but not practical knowledge. Therefore, it is hard for those graduates to complete the practical assignments successfully and smoothly. This is one major reason why many graduates find it to find suitable jobs.
Most senior citizens retire or no longer work full-time. They usually live in their own houses not far from their children's, while the children of a few senior citizens have gone abroad and work or study far beyond the oceans. For certain senior citizens, tile years after retirement are not very enjoyable. First, they feel that their lives lose meaning for being at home all day. In addition, they may feel lonely, especially those without children around. Moreover, they become more concerned with their health, as they grow older, and worry a lot about their safety. At the same time, many senior citizens enjoy their lives. They feel free to do things they were not able to do when they were working and raising their families. They spend their time travelling, doing exercises or watching TV. They get together with their fellow members who have the common interests and equal free time.
大多数的老人退休或不再做全职工作。他们通常住在离自己孩子的房子不远的房子里面，但是一些老人的孩子们已出国学习或者工作。一些老人，退休后的日子并不是很愉快。首先，因为整天待在家里让他们觉得自己的生活失去了意义。此外，他们会感到孤独，特别是那些孩子不在身边的。再者，随着他们年龄的增长，他们更关心自己的健康，并且很担心自己的安全。同时，很多老年人也很享受他们的生活。他们有空做一些在他们工作或者养家的时候不能做的事情。他们旅行，运动和看电视。让他们与其他有着共同兴趣和相同时间的成员在一起。
In fact, there are some still continuing their work, not just for money, but to show their value. However, no one really wants to be old, and perhaps all like to be young forever.
事实上，有一些还是继续他们的工作，不只是为了钱，更是要证明自己的价值。然而，没有人真的想变老，或许大家都想永远年轻。
It is true that medicines and other products are routinely tested on animals before they are cleared for human use. While I tend towards the viewpoint that animal testing is morally wrong, I would have to support a limited amount of animal experimentation for the development of medicines.
On the one hand, there are clear ethical arguments against animal experimentation. To use a common example of this practice, laboratory mice may be given an illness so that the effectiveness of a new drug can be measured. Opponents of such research argue that humans have no right to subject animals to this kind of trauma, and that the lives of all creatures should be respected. They believe that the benefits to humans do not justify the suffering caused, and that scientists should use alternative methods of research.
On the other hand, reliable alternatives to animal experimentation may not always be available. Supporters of the use of animals in medical research believe that a certain amount of suffering on the part of mice or rats can be justified if human lives are saved. They argue that opponents of such research might feel differently if a member of their own families needed a medical treatment that had been developed through the use of animal experimentation. Personally, I agree with the banning of animal testing for non-medical products, but I feel that it may be a necessary evil where new drugs and medical procedures are concerned.
In conclusion, it seems to me that it would be wrong to ban testing on animals for vital medical research until equally effective alternatives have been developed.
Animals were friends or foes of humanity at different times of the human history. In modern times, experiments upon animals have long been a breeding ground for spirited debate. Some animal activists argue that we should ban animal experiments altogether because subjecting animals to experimentation is unjustifiable on moral grounds. Yet some other people contend that the advancement of science necessitates animal testing. Personally, I believe both their views have merit and demerit.
Granted, empirical evidence suggests that many animal experiments are performed callously without any heed to the discomfort or pain that laboratory mammals endure. First and foremost, improper confinement of test animals such as locking them up in cramped cages or poor veterinary is inhumane .It can gravely disrupt natural biological functions of the test animal. Further, the effects of vaccination and vivisection conducted on live rodents, primates and other lab mammals can be gruesome and chilling. They may, in some cases, even constitute sheer torture of live animals.
However, from a more pragmatic perspective, evidence is mounting that animal experimentation is still largely a necessary evil and there is no practical alternative for it at this point. In the first place, it is manifest that drug experimentation on live mammals is far more effectual than experimentation on bacteria or on other lower species in testing drug safety. Drugs that have severe potential side effects on homo sapiens must be tested by pharmaceutical companies on live mammals first to ascertain their toxicity. In the second place, in space research, live animals are still the only viable alternative to humans in testing living creature reaction to outer-space experience on a flight not considered to be sufficiently safe for human astronauts. Lastly, lab research about the behavioral tendencies of chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans and other members of the primate group is also necessary. It produces valuable outcomes consistently advancing anthropological and genetic studies.
To conclude, I concede that experiments upon animals may induce suffering to the test animals. However, I am convinced that there are no feasible alternatives to this methodology at the current stage of scientific development. On balance , I think that we should allow animals testing to be continued but at the same time use techniques such as analgesic, anesthetic and tranquilizing drugs to minimize the pain inflicted upon the test animal and augment the general welfare of these animals.
Task：Some people think governments should focus on reducing environmental pollution and housing problems to help people prevent illness and disease. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Sample answer：
There is no doubt that peoples health will be influenced directly or indirectly by the environment and housing condition. Whether governments should focus more on the environment and estate has triggered a controversy. I feel that individuals should take more responsibility for their well-being other than governments increasing attention.
Indeed, the environmental problems and housing conditions are two main sources for illness and diseases. In many large cities in northern China, haze weather has become a daily killer, especially causing respiratory diseases in winter. Also, populace will easily access to viruses and bacteria if they live in a poor housing condition without any advanced sanitation. Therefore, governments should give more attention and higher investment in these two areas.
Compared to individuals, governments have more power to arrange a wide range of social resources to address severe issues; however, it does not mean that addressing this problem totally depends on governments. The state is an organizer or a coordinator in our society instead of a responsibility taker. Although governments can claim people to enhance the awareness of environment protection, make policy to strengthen the environment management and invest estate where they need, public health condition is still a personal problem to some degree. People have the obligation to form and keep a healthy and positive lifestyle, or they will still face the threat of illness and diseases even environment and housing condition getting better.
In conclusion, people can also need to take responsibility of their well-being as governments only hold a position as organizer and coordinator. The most feasible solution may be that governments provide a fine setting on one hand and public should pursue a healthy lifestyle for themselves on the other hand.
With the development of cities, more and more new buildings are appearing in the city. Some people claim that the government should ensure all the new buildings should be built in traditional styles. For me, I do not agree with this suggestion.
Undoubtedly, the old buildings can reflect our traditional culture and should be protected and built. They are the houses where the ancient people lived. By appreciating these old buildings, we can have a better understanding of our ancient culture and history.
However, I do not agree that all the new buildings should be built in traditional styles. First of all, a city’s culture identity consists of the past culture and the modern culture. While past culture can be represented by the traditional buildings, modern culture should be reflected by modern buildings. If all the new buildings are built in traditional styles, the modern culture may be lost in the city. Secondly, the style of the new building should be decided by a lot of factors such as location, function, and so on. For instance, it is impossible for us to build a modern shopping mall into traditional style, because there are a lot of famous brands inside. Thirdly, modern buildings can accommodate more people than traditional buildings, which can meet the increasing population.
Therefore, I agree that we should build some old buildings, but we should not build all the buildings into traditional styles. We should consider a lot of aspects before we make the final decision.
A checklist for part 1 graphs, charts and tables
In task 1 it is important that you accurately describe the information from the diagram so you don’t lose marks under Task Response. The difficulty is to decide what is the key information as there is often a lot of data to process. One way of thinking about this, is to ask yourself if someone could draw the chart and graph from the information in your report. This is not easy to do and so to help you, you will find below a 8 point checklist, an exercise and a practice suggestion.
Every year, millions of animals undergo painful suffering or death as a result of scientific research into the effects of drugs, food additives, cosmetics and other chemical products. While most people think animal testing is necessary, others are upset by what they see as needless suffering. This essay looks at some of the positive and negative aspects of animal testing.
Many medical treatments and procedures have been developed from experiments on animals. Since animals share many features with humans, scientists use animals to test the safety and effectiveness of newly developed drugs before pilot testing on small groups of patients. Medical teams practice new operating techniques such as transplants on animals. Without animal testing, many procedures or new drugs would be extremely unsafe.
However, many people are concerned that animals are suffering unnecessarily and cruelly. They do not believe that every new drug needs to be tested on animals, especially with the huge database of knowledge and modern computer models. They also are worried that many animal tests are ineffective, pointing out that any drugs have had to be withdrawn from the market despite extensive testing. They particularly feel that animal testing should not be used for non-essential products such as cosmetics, shampoos, soaps, and cleaning products. Furthermore, some campaigners would like to see certain tests replaced and more humane methods used.
Travel is commonly perceived as a good approach to the traditional customs and exotic cultures of other countries or regions. However, some people are suspicious of the necessity of travel as we can learn about other cultures by reading books, watching films and browsing the internet, which seem cheaper, less time-consuming and more accessible. In my view, although these methods can help us get some general ideas, a full comprehension of the local culture can only be obtained through travelling in person.
Firstly, cultural items acquired from books, movies or internets only show the opinions or attitudes of a certain group of people, which in some circumstances convey wrong messages with cultural misunderstanding and discrimination. For example, in some books or movies British people frequently appears a bit conservative, sophisticated and indifferent, but when we travel to the United Kingdom, we’ll find many people friendly, outgoing and sometimes a little crazy. So travel grants us the opportunity to break the stereotypes brought by mass media.
Secondly, travel boosts cultural communication in a more active way than books or videos do. During travel, we can initiatively interact with local people and deeply experience their life,such as their dietary habit, endemic customs and unique manners, to mention just a few, while transiting our own culture to those local people in the process of mutual exchanges. Obviously, it is not that easy for mass media to achieve such a direct and effective interaction.
To conclude, although some mass media, such as books, films or internet, play a necessary role in the cultural exchange, traveling to other places is of greater importance in order to personally experience the distinctive cultures and customs which may diverge from what we have acquired from mass media.
When it comes to the issue about which approach should be recommended to people who are interested in other countries, some people may argue that traveling may be an optimal choice, but others believe that TV and the internet could be a substitution of traveling.
On one hand, there is a necessity of traveling to other countries because visitors could touch other cultures to a deeper degree. When a visitor comes to a country, s/he may make acquaintance with local residents and enjoy local food. For example, a visitor could really enjoy Sangria, a famous wine mixed with fruits, in Spain, but not just stare at a picture of Sangria on books and imagine its taste. Then, such experience enables a visitor to really know what a country is with more details.
On the other hand, TV and the Internet provide the public with an alternative way to learn a country. It is common that there exist a lot of forums on the Internet where a lot of visitors may share their unique experience of trips generously. Then, users could conveniently search for any information they need concerning about any specific country on such forums. Similarly, TV programs could provide viewers with information collected by editors that could also prove to be true and trustful under most conditions.
From my own perspective, these two approaches do not necessarily contradict each other, but just fit various groups of people. For visitors who have sufficient time, energy, and budgets, having a tour to some countries may be recommended to them since they could have a better understanding of alien cultures. However, for people who are occupied with their heavy work or have financial burden, traveling may not be accessible for them and thereby watching TV programs and scanning the Internet may be a better option for them.
As a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities, and those at the top are paid huge salaries. Just like movie stars, they live with huge houses and cars.
Many people find their rewards unfair, especially when comparing these super salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists, or even leading politicians who have the responsibilityof governing the country. However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds. Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the level of public support that successful stars can generate. So the notion of ‘fairness’ is not the issue.
Those who feel that sports stars’ salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful. Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform. in their relatively short career. The pressure from the media is intense and there is little privacy out of the spotlight. So all of thesefactors may justify the huge earnings.
Personally, I think that the amount of money such sports stars make is more justified than the huge earnings of movie stars, but at the same time, it indicatesthat our society places more value on sport than on more essential professions and achievements.
译文
在媒体不断地推波助澜下，我国的许多职业运动员已成为了明星和名人。那些顶尖的运动员收入颇丰。像一些电影明星一样，他(她)们也是香车豪宅，生活极为奢华。
许多人觉得与那些挣高薪的顶级外科医生，从事研究的科学家或有管理国家责任的高官相比，他(她)们的回报极为不公。然而，运动员的薪水并不是由一个人对社会所做出的贡献或者其责任水平所决定。相反，它们反映的是从整体上来说体育运动在大众中的普及性以及那些成功的体育明星对促进公众对运动的支持所做出的贡献。所以，“公平”的概念并不是问题关键之所在。
那些认为体育明星拿高薪无可厚非的人争辩说那些有天赋的体育运动员实属凤毛麟角，高薪是对他(她)们娴熟技能和通往成功之路所付出努力的承认。竞争持续不断，运动员在他(她)们相对较短的运动生涯中迎接每次检验。来自于媒体的压力令人窒息，而且他(她)们必须生活在镁光灯下，没有隐私。这一切都证明了他(她)们高薪得之无愧。
在我个人看来，比起电影明星的高薪，体育明星的高薪更受之无愧。但与此同时，该现象也显得出我们的社会更关注体育而非其它一些更重要的'领域和成就。
After completing my military service, I have been looking for a challenging goal for me to achieve. And I found that the Intermediate of General English Proficiency Test fits my new achievement properly.
I graduated from Taipei Commercial Junior College, majored in business
administration. Instead of spending much time in playing, I devoted myself to my studies and paid attention to all meaningful things happened in daily life. By the way, I learned a lot from Mr. Wang, the professor of my business class. He is my good friend till now an often gives some appropriate suggestions toward my problem confusion.
My father is, in the same way, a good consultant to me. As he said: I am in poor education, little for you; to clarify, what he have given is far beyond his words, I do think so. I was born in a country of Ping Tung Country, farming is our career of
generations. There are four people in my family, Mother is housewife and my brother is a student of an Agriculture College.
I am optimistic and active, and I am confident that I can pass the test. Thank you for your precious to read my autobiography.
Dolphin is my favourite animal. It is one of the most precious animals. Their bodies are very long, about one zhang. Dolphins live in the sea. They live on fish, shrimps and so on. Dolphins are very friendly and peaceful. They never attack people. Instead, they have saved many people in danger in the past years. How helpful the dolphins are! Dolphins are very clever. People often train them so that they can give a dolphin show which brings people a lot of happiness and joy. Unluckily, the number of dolphins is getting smaller and smaller. Because of water pollution, there is less and less space for dolphins. Many people make money by hunting dolphins. If we don’t protect them, maybe we’ll lose our good friends one day. As a student, I hope more and more people should take actions to protect dolphins.
omnipresent 无处不在的
pose great threat to 给什么带来威胁，危害
magnitude 程度 （这个词我挂3个常用的意思，1，巨大 2，数量，程度 3， 地震震级）
put forth 提出
menace 让人烦的问题，这边可以写issue
culprit 肇事者，罪魁祸首，可以指引起某事的原因
ineffaceable 无法消除的
haunt 困扰, (鬼魂)出没, (不快的事情)萦绕于脑际，难以忘却
blare 尖锐的声音
bluster 咆哮
dominate 支配，控制，影响
hustle and bustle 熙熙攘攘
harassment 骚扰，侵害
alleviate 减少，减轻（与下文mitigate 类似）
curb 遏制 （类似于contain)
detriment 伤害
implement 实施
enforce 执行
此文原创，请勿盗用。
感谢！
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m writing in response to the advertisement you placed in Shanghai Daily for the position of overseas mechanical engineer on Mon. .
I would like to apply for this post. I graduated with a Master’s degree in Machine-Building and Electronics Industries in Tsinghua University in 1999 and began my career in Zhongshan ABB Company as a young mechanical engineer. In 20XX, I was promoted to be the chief engineer, taking charge of the projects in Southeast Asia. I have been seeking for chances overseas in my majored domain in the hope that I can develop my potential further.
If possible, I would like to choose a mechanical company with good reputation located in Chicago. I would also prefer small private companies which allow me to enjoy a larger space of promotion.
The reason I made the decision above is that my husband has recently been relocated to Chicago by his company and I am, therefore, seeking a position in the same area in Chicago.
I have enclosed my resume that outlines in detail my qualifications and experience as well as an open letter of recommendation from my former employer.
Please give me a feedback at your earliest convenience if my qualifications meet your requirements.
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours sincerely,
Lucy Liu
Tuning to the BBC or CNN, one is besieged by (news about) formidable disasters, diseases, conflicts, and controversies. But none is more challenging than the shortage of fresh water, a source which has long been mistakenly assumed to be inexhaustible. Unfortunately, few people realize the impending (急迫的)potential catastrophe (灾难)arising from the insufficient fresh water. Governments must be blamed if they have not informed people the importance of fresh water.
Fresh water has been closed associated with life, not only the life of human beings, but also the life of all kinds of plants and animals. Lacking fresh water, the earth will become ill. Nevertheless, human beings are confronted with the crisis of insufficient fresh water.
The shortage of fresh water can be attributed to the lower efficiency in water utilization. The irrigation in many countries wastes overwhelmingly. Some developing countries still use the primitive irrigation system, which is believed to waste at least 70% fresh water.
Life water utilization also shows strikingly lower efficiency. Many citizens have no concept of saving water. In most cities in China, fresh water is used to flush lavatories. Moreover, most citizens use wash-machine, which consumes a larger volume of fresh water.
Besides, fresh water has been polluted by agriculture and industry activities. Aquatic(水)ecosystem has largely been ruined by unrestricted drainage (排水)of sewages (污水). In metropolis (big cities大都市), the hospitals and laboratories are also the serious sources of water pollution.
Governments are expected to launch campaigns against water pollution. Individuals, households, and the states all should use their unique ways to save the limited resources.
Since the beginning of time, water has been shaping the face of the earth. Water sustains human life,our environment and our cultures. But the global demand for water is increasing and the destruction of water-dependent ecosystems has accelerated.
From my point of view, the main reason of scarcity of water resource is the rapid population growth,especially in developing countries. In order to meet the great demand for water, people exploit water resource in various ways. Water supply sources are being stretched to their limits. And surface and groundwater pollution is increasing rapidly. Research indicates that over 1 billion people still do not have access to safe water supplies and over billion do not have access to adequate sanitation facilities.
Another reason is the development of industry and agriculture. In some developing countries, some private factories make use of water resource low-efficiently and make much pollution. Irrigated agriculture also contributes to water scarcity. Despite the high yield, irrigation is extremely water intensive. It takes about 1,000 tons of water to grow one ton of grain and 2,000 tons to grow one ton of rice.
Finding solutions of the problem involves the increase of worldwide awareness and international cooperation. Every individual should realize water crisis and save water. As to the government, some effective measures should be taken, including erecting modern irrigation systems and increasing the number of sewage water recycling plants. Building more dams can also be an effective solution. Dams play an important role in detaining the surface rain water flowing from the mountains and would prevent the loss of rainwater straight into the sea.
Introduce the mentioned opinion and give your own recent years, animal protection has become an issue of concern. People take different attitudes toward the increasing attention and expenditure on wildlife
conservation. Some People suggest that the spending should be redirected to helping other fields in our society. I agree with the view that the investment in wildlife protection is not worthwhile.
Give specific Reason and details for the opinion mentioned in the question.
Animals, as a key component of the whole food chain, have a profound impact on the sustainability of an ecosystem. As we know, every kind of animals plays an important role in natural example, the demise of any species will lead to the species will lead to the growth or decline of other some extreme cases,some species may be at the verge of extinction such as Dodo bird. If people did not take actions to protect wildlife as soon as possible, we humans will be affected in the end.
Give specific Reason and details for the opinion of yourself.
However, there are more issues that we need to focus in our society rather than protecting current social context,the primacy task is still to improve living standards since there are many people living under the poverty when people are in a good living condition can they pay attention to other social technology and education are another two aspects for governments to concern, These two industries accelerate the development of society, which will provide a better protection for wildlife in turn.
In conclusion, although the animal is a significant part of ecosystem, it’s better for governments to invest more finance and resources in other social problems.
Panda is one of the scarcest animals. People in the world like it very much. there used to be many pandas in China long ago. As the balance of nature was destroyed and the weather was getting warmer and warmer, pandas became less. But at present, the number of pandas is increasing year by year. there are now so many pandas that some are being sent to other countries so that people there can enjoy them. Nowadays, the biggest nature park for panda in China is in Sichuan. there is a research centre for nature and wild life there. Scientists hope that one day they will have enough pandas to be set free and let them live in the wild again.
Sample answer：
Over the past century, science and technology has been developing unprecedentedly and changing every aspect of people's lives. In my point of view, technology brings about higher efficiency and greater convenience,even though it causes confusion and disorder under some circumstances.
The benefits of modern technologies are multiple. Automation is widely used on the assembly line, setting free millions of people from the arduous and repetitive to the widespread use of the Internet, people have easier access to information than ever before. Instead of going to the library to consult reference books,they can acquire any information they want via the Internet. Moreover,emails and mobile phones enable people to stay in touch more conveniently and efficiently, compared with the old days when they had to go to the post office or visit others in person.
Despite the above-mentioned benefits,we cannot deny the fact that technology may lead to complexity and inconvenience in some cases. For instance,some old people find it difficult to use public facilities equipped with electronic-devices. However, this issue can be addressed with clear instructions provided. Another example is cyber fraud,which is difficult to prevent as the false information can spread very fast on the who get deceived may complain that the virtual space generates more crimes.
Overall,there is no denying that some problems and troubles may occur When various new technologies are applied to people's lives. However, returning to a simple life without technology is not a solution and I believe a better future of mankind lies with the further progress of science and technology.
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