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硕士研究生毕业导师评语
该生在硕士研究生学习阶段，思想上要求上进，认真学习，努力钻研专业知识，毕业之际，回顾三年来的学习、工作以及生活，做总结如下： 在专业课程的学习上，她根据研究方向的要求，有针对性的认真研读了有关核心课程，打下扎实的科研基础；在读期间她还研修了很多其他课程，开阔了视野，对整个研究领域的结构有了更深刻的认识。在英语学习方面，其具备了较强的英语听、说、读、写能力。
在做硕士论文期间，其积极参与各项教学科研活动，在教学实践的过程中，认真阅读教材和查阅学术资料，大大提升了其教学水平。同时她还具有较强的动手能力，并参与了导师的多项课题，使自己的理论与实践水平得到了很大的提升。 在平时生活中，她为人处世和善、乐于助人，并积极参与各项集体活动。在思想上她始终对自己有较高的要求，主动和党组织靠拢。
其在研究生阶段的科研、学习以及工作都是优秀出色的，相信这些经历和积累都将成为其人生道路上的宝贵财富。希望其在以后的工作和学习中，将继续保持并发扬严谨治学的作风，兢兢业业，争取取得更大的成绩。
The above two pictures have shaped sharp contrast to each other. In one picture, a flower grows in a greenhouse and is in full bloom in spite of the outside rain. But in the other, the flower, moved outside and without the protection of the greenhouse, is withering in the thunderstorm. The two pictures show us that the flower, which is raised in a greenhouse and carefully protected, cannot stand natural wind and rain at all.
It is most likely that the drawer means to compare children in our country to the flower in his drawings and reflect a problem in the present education of our children. For one thing, nowadays, most children are brought up by their parents with tender care. Parents always try their best to meet the children’s demands, to provide them with the best environment of growth and study and to protect them from any possible harms, setbacks and sufferings. For another, owing to the present examination’ oriented education system, most children are too heavily burdened with studies to have time to take part in social activities, so they learn little about the society, the real world outside their family and school. Growing up in such a manner and such an environment, the children will inevitably and naturally lack the ability to stand sufferings and overcome obstacles when they leave their parents and step into the society.
To sum up, the problem of children’s education must be solved timely and effectively because it is they that constitute the future of our country.
The ways of history are so intricate and the motivations of human actions so complex that it is always hazardous to attempt to represent events covering a number of years, a multiplicity of persons, and distant localities as the expression of one intellectual or social movement; yet the historical process which culminated in the ascent of Thomas Jefferson to the presidency can be regarded as the outstanding example not only of the birth of a new way of life but of nationalism as a new way of life. The American Revolution represents the link between the seventeenth century, in which modern England became conscious of itself, and the awakening of modern Europe at the end of the eighteenth century. It may seem strange that the march of history should have had to cross the Atlantic Ocean, but only in the North American colonies could a struggle for civic liberty lead also to the foundation of a new nation.
Here, in the popular rising against a xxxtyrannicalxxx government, the fruits were more than the securing of a freer constitution. They included the growth of a nation born in liberty by the will of the people, not from the roots of common descent, a geographic entity, or the ambitions of king or dynasty. With the American nation, for the first time, a nation was born,
not in the dim past of history but before the eyes of the whole world.
全文翻译：美国革命的历史意义
历史的进程是如此错综复杂，人类行为的动机是如此令人费解，以至于想把那些时间跨度大，涉及人数多，空间范围广的事件描述成为一个智者或一场社会运动的表现的企图是危 险的。 然而以托马斯·杰弗逊登上总统宝座为高潮的那一段历史过程可以被视为一个特殊 的例子。
在这段历史时期里不仅诞生了新的生活方式，而且民族主义成为了一种新的生活 方式。 美国独立战争成为联结 17 世纪现代英格兰的自我意识和 18 世纪末现代欧洲的觉醒 的纽带。 历史的行程需要跨越大西洋，这看起来似乎有些奇怪，但却只有在北美殖民地为 民权和自由的斗争才能导致新国家的建立。
这里，反对xxx暴政xxx的民众起义的成果不仅是获 得一个包含更多自由的宪法，还包括了一个依照人民的意愿诞生在自由中的国家的成长。这 个国家不是基于血缘、地理、君主或王朝的野心。 由于有了美国，第一次一个国家的诞生不是发生在历史模糊的过去，而是在全世界人们的眼前。
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
Throughout my life, I have been lucky enough to have a very good relationship with my parents. They have supported me, given me necessary criticism, and taught me a great deal about how to live my life. Parents can be very important teachers in our lives; however, they are not always the best teachers.
Parents may be too close to their children emotionally. Sometimes they can only see their children though the eyes of a protector. For example, they may limit a child's freedom in the name of safety. A teacher might see a trip to a big city as a valuable new experience. However, it might seem too dangerous to a parent.
Another problem is that parents may expect their children's interests to be similar to their own. They can't seem to separate from their children in their mind. If they love science, they may try to force their child to love science too. But what if their child's true love is art, or writing, or car repair?
Parents are usually eager to pass on their value to their children. But should children always believe what their parents do? Maybe different generations need different ways of thinking. When children are young, they believe that their parents are always rights. But when they get older, they realize there are other views. Sometimes parents, especially older ones, can't keep up with rapid social or technology changes. A student who has friends of all different races and backgrounds at school may find that her parents don't really understand or value the digital revolution. Sometimes kids have to find their own ways to what they believe in.
The most important thing to realize is that we all have many teachers in our lives. Our parents teach us, our teachers teach us, and our peers teach us. Books and newspapers and television also teach us. All of them are valuable.
What are some important qualities of a good supervisor(boss)? Use specific details and examples to explain why these qualities are important.
Even though job situations can be very different, there are several qualities that all good supervisor have in common, A good boss treats all her employees fairly. She doesn't single out one employee for better(or worse)treatment than the others. A poor supervisor has favorites. Sometimes she'll even use her favorites to spy on other employees. She expects them to tell her what the others are saying about her. This can cause a lot of bad feeling among employees.
A good supervisor gives clear and understandable directions. She doesn't constantly change her mind about what she wants employees to do. She also doesn't get angry with an employee who is confused and needs her to explain the directions again or more fully. Delegating authority well is another quality of a good supervisor. She knows how to use the skills of her employees to best advantage. A poor supervisor insists on doing everything herself. She is unwilling to give any authority to others.
A good boss evaluates her employees on a reasonable ser of criteria, not on how she feels about them personally. And she lets the employees know what those criteria are, so they have a fair chance of meeting them.
She gives both praise and criticism in a straightforward manner. She also offers guidance when needed. A poor supervisor will criticize without giving any suggestions on how to improve.
Most importantly, a good supervisor set the standards for her employee by her own behavior. She works hard and treats employees like valuable assets to the company. This promotes good morale among her workers, and this is of great benefit to her business.
some people think it improper for college students to dance. they say dance distracts students from their atudy. it is time-consuming and also a waste of money. besides, when men and women dance together, an intimate feeling will arise. that is terrible. they may fall in love before marriagable age, which will affect their studies.
i think the above opinion is one-sided and prejudiced. in my opinion, dancing is a good oercise and means of relaation. after a weeks tense work and study, it feels good to sit in the ball room, listening to light music in the soft lamplight. the colorful lamps twinkle and glisten. the sea-like blue light reflected on the blue screen lends a feeling of coming to the sea. the waves of white blue light smoothe your soul and comfort your heart. i feel serene just sitting there listening to the gentle words of a love song, not to speak of the music is playing, you either chat or dance or make aquaintances. the more friends you have, the more enlightened and open-minded you are.
it cannot be denied that there are certain villains who want to take advantage of others and abuse dancing. we should not let the rat spoil the soup. just get rid of the rat. that is all. i prefer danceing once or twice a month to be relaed and refreshed for work and study.
xxxWhen people succeed, it is because of hard work, Luck has nothing to do with success.xxx Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above? Use specific and examples to explain your position.
When people succeed, it is because of hard work, but luck has a lot to do with it,too. Success without some luck is almost impossible. The French emperor Napoleon said of one of his generals, “I know he’s good. But is he lucky?” Napoleon knew that all the hard work and talent in the world can’t make up for bad luck. However, hard work can invite good luck.
When it comes to success, luck can mean being in the right place to meet someone, or having the right skills to get a job done. It might mean turning down an offer and then having a better offer come along. Nothing can replace hard work, but working hard also means you’re preparing yourself opportunity. Opportunity very often depends on luck.
How many of the great inventions and discoveries came about through a lucky mistake or a lucky chance? One of the biggest lucky mistakes in history is Columbus’ so-called discovery of America. He enriched his sponsors and changed history, but he was really looking for India. However, Columbus’ chance discovery wasn’t pure luck. It was backed up by years of studying and calculating. He worked hard to prove his theory that the world was round.
Success that comes from pure luck and no hard work can be a real problem. For example, consider a teenage girl who becomes a movie star.
Imagine she’s been picked from nowhere because of her looks. She is going to feel very insecure, because she knows she didn’t do anything to earn her stardom. On the other hand, think about an actress who’s spend years learning and working at her craft. When she finally has good luck and becomes a success, she will handle stardom better, she knows she earns it.
People who work hard help make their own luck by being ready opportunity knocks. When it comes to success. I think that hard work and luck so hand in hand.
This picture shows a drastic change in the world’s commercial fishing. The two parts display totally different scenes in 1900 and 1995. In 1900, there were a large number of fish while only one boat was fishing on the ocean. But in 1995 fishing boats increased sharply while only one fish was left. The fish supplies have almost been exhausted by overfishing.
Judging from the picture, we can see that within about 100 years, humans have stripped the sea of her generous offerings. If we dont put an end to the trend, then the fish in the ocean could become extinct species in the foreseeable future.
Therefore, it is high time we took effective measures to solve this problem. First, we must bring world population under a reasonable control, as overfishing is largely due to the need to fill the additional mouths. Second, every year in the fishs mating season, a xxxgrace periodxxx should be enforced during which the fish are allowed to reproduce themselves. Third, strict laws should be implemented. Last but not least, we should enhance the awareness of the public that the ocean resources are very vital to us. Only when these above mentioned measures are put into practice can we save the fish from disappearing completely.
一、开题报告的目的
从学生的角度来讲，进行开题报告的实质是向专家汇报自己学位论文工作的准备情况，目的是请专家帮助判断：自己选择的问题有没有研究价值、选用的研究方法可不可行、自己的论证逻辑有没有明显缺陷，然后由专家给出具体的建议。从而达到进一步明确研究目标、理清研究思路的目的，同时在文献和研究方法方面获得更多的帮助。
因此“主要研究内容”和“研究的角度、方法与拟实现的目标”是开题报告的重点，如果对自己的研究内容、研究方法不进行深入论述，一带而过，评审专家将无法判断你的研究前景，也就无法对你的研究给予切实的指导和建议。
二、研究水平的定位
国家对授予硕士学位和学士学位人员所具有的能力要求是不同的，硕士学位人员应“在本门学科上掌握坚实的基础理论和系统的专门知识。具有从事科学研究工作或独立担负专门技术工作的能力”。硕士研究生毕业论文开题报告
三、基本内容和要求
因为开题报告的实质是向老师汇报论文工作的准备情况，因此研究生应该就选题、文献综述、研究内容、方法及拟达到的目标等进行全面、深入地介绍、说明，并接受专家的批评和建议。硕士研究生学位论文的开题报告主要应包括以下内容：
1、论文题目的确定。包括选题的背景和意义（可以从理论和实际应用方面进行论述）。
2、国内外相关文献综述。
3、研究的角度、方法与拟实现的目标。
4、主要研究内容与写作大纲。
5、完成课题已具备和所需的条件和经费。
6、预计研究过程中可能遇到的困难和问题及解决的措施。
7、主要参考文献（着重查阅的近年内发表的中、外文期刊文章）。
开题报告的内容
1、工作总结课题来源及研究的目的和意义；
2、国内外在该方向的研究现状及分析；硕士研究生毕业论文开题报告
3、主要研究内容及创新点；
4、研究方案及进度安排，预期达到的目标；
5、为完成课题已具备和所需的条件和经费；
6、预计研究过程中可能遇到的困难和问题有及解决的措施；
7、主要参考文献；
In some countries, teenager have jobs while they are still students. Do you think this is a good idea? Support your opinion by using specific reasons and details.
I dont think it is a good ideas for teenagers to have jobs while they are still students. It can interfere with their studies, It can disrupt their home life, and it takes away part of their childhood that their can never replace.
Education today is very complex and difficult .In order to learn and get good grades, a student must work very hard and concentrate, This means attending classes from early in the morning until late afternoon, then doing research for projects, then going home and doing homework. It’s a busy schedule for everyone. For someone trying to hold down a job, it’s even harder. Students need all their energy for their studies. If theyre working after class at night, they’re going to be tired the next day. They wont be able to concentrate. This will have a negative impact on their learning, and eventually on their grades.
Having a job can also disrupt a teenagers home life. Families spend less and less
time together. If a teenager has a job to go to after school, he wont be home for dinner.
He wont be home after dinner either, and may not get home until late at night, This means he doesnt have a lot of time to spend with his family .If he doesnt have a car, it can mean changes in his parents schedule ,too. They have to drive him to work and pick him up.
The main drawback of a teenager having a job while hes still a student is that hes missing out on the fun of being young. He has a whole lifetime in which hell have to earn a living. This is the last free time hell have, It’s the last chance hell have to hang out with friends and just enjoy himself. Soon enough hell have to worry about paying the rent and buying food.
Jobs bring money, but money isnt everything. A teenager with a job gives us too much. No one should spend all his time at working, and especially not a teenager.
Sleep is very ancient. In the sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles.
There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli.
Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved? Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animal's vulnerability, the function of sleep is to decrease it? Wilse Webb of the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.
全文翻译：
睡眠的进化
睡眠是古老的。 从脑电图上看，我们人类和所有灵长目动物以及几乎所有的哺乳动物 和鸟类都一样需要睡眠;甚至爬行类动物也有睡眠。 有证据显示，有梦睡眠和无梦睡眠这两种类型的睡眠取决于该动物的生活方式。 从统计上看，食肉动物比被捕食动物有更多的 有梦睡眠，而被捕食动物更多地无梦睡眠。
动物在有梦睡眠时，被有效地解除动作能力， 并且对外界刺激缺乏反应。 无梦睡眠则要浅得多。 我们都看到过猫和狗在显然的酣睡中， 有一点响动耳朵就会竖起来。 被捕食动物很少有深度的有梦睡眠，这看来显然是自然选择 的结果。
而且这一点是有道理的：当睡眠高度进化以后，愚笨的动物比聪明的动物更少在 深度睡眠状态下丧失动作能力。
但是动物为什么要进入深度睡眠呢?为什么这样的无动作状 态也会进化出来呢? 海豚、鲸鱼以及水生哺乳动物睡眠都极少，这一事实可以给睡眠的根本 功能提供有用的线索。 海洋中是没有藏身之处的。 会不会是这样，睡眠不但不增加动物受 伤害的可能性，反而是减少了这种可能性呢?佛罗里达大学的 Wilse Webb 和伦敦大学的 Ray Meddis 认为情况就是如此。 可以想像得出，在危险的时刻，那些由于太愚笨而不能自动保 持安静的动物，会不由自主地变得动弹不得。 这一点在食肉动物的幼兽身上表现得特别明 显。 这是一个很有意思的看法，它至少部分是正确的。
These two drawings, apparently, can be associated with two distinct habits. In the left one, there is a girl beside a desk, being absorbed in learning, with an idea in her mind —it is advisable to complete as early as possible. By contrast, in the right picture, a young guy sits leisurely in a sofa, telling himself, “I need not act until the deadline.” Finally, two Chinese characters can be noticed, which say “habit”.
Successful figures are usually characterized by their diverse merits, including diligence, perseverance and striving every day. However, in reality, a host of youngsters are accustomed to taking no action until the last day. This terrible habit is particularly worth concerning and as a matter of fact, their laziness has constituted an obstacle that hinders their personal growth and progress.
To my understanding, we are supposed to accomplish our assignments on time each day. This good habit can be likened to a journey, leading to success and a promising future. A case in point is myself. During the past year, as a senior who has been preparing for the national entrance examination for postgraduates, I have never postponed one day’s task until the next day. This excellent habit ensures my motivation for learning, brings me power and helps me accumulate knowledge every day.
To conclude, never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. Meanwhile, every one should bear in mind that a positive habit means a lifelong treasure.
【参考译文】
显然，这两幅图能联系到两种截然不同的习惯。左图中，书桌旁有一个女孩儿，专注学习的同时，大脑中还在想：尽早完成才放心。相反，右图中，一个男孩儿悠哉悠哉地坐在沙发上，告诉自己：不到最后不动手。最后，两个汉字能被注意到，其内容是：习惯。
成功人士的特征通常是他们的众多优点，包括勤奋、持之以恒和每天的奋斗。然而，在现实生活中，很多年轻人习惯于直到最后一天才会有行动。这种糟糕的习惯很值得关注，而且事实上，他们的懒惰已经构成了一种障碍，阻碍着他们个人的成长和进步。
在我看来，我们应该每天按时完成当天的任务。这种好习惯能被比喻成一条路，通向成功和美好未来。一个典型例子就是我。在过去的这一年，作为一名一直在为考研做准备的大四学生，我从未将当天的任务拖延至第二天。这种好习惯确保了我学习的动力，带给我力量，帮助我每天积累知识。
总之，今日事今日毕。同时，每个人都应该牢记：一个好习惯是一生的财富。
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