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《出师表》有言日：“亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。”
这一亲一疏，导致“成败异变，功业相反”。这又是什么原因呢？
在我看来，勿以亲疏论事非。
纵观一部卷佚浩繁的中华史，其中王朝更替、治乱相续往往能使人掩卷沉思。作为拥有至高无上权力的君主，百姓们的生杀予夺之大权，也毫无疑问地掌握在其手中，真可谓：“君主一畦步，皆关民命。”就是这样，我们往往能看见一些小人，他们溜须拍马，阿识奉承，曲意逢迎，把君主们的每一个毛孔无不弄得舒坦至极。于是这些人深得君主之“亲”，甚至独揽大权，破坏朝纲，明末的魏忠贤专权不就是明证吗？而贤明的君主求贤若渴，对人才亲之信之，恰恰是因为明是非，懂事理，才知孰亲孰默之分。
在人类社会中，自“大道既隐，各亲其亲子其子九以来，亲情就成为了维系这个社会的稳固的牢不可破的精神纽带，人们往往认为亲人们总是对自己好，因而他们总是对的，没有错的，而对于旁人，难免存着此疆彼界之心，所谓”人心隔肚皮“，难免对别人有着成见，故事中的富人即此类典型人物，而有两位人物的行为却值得我们的赞叹。
祁黄羊的”内举不避子，外举不避仇“。想必大家是耳熟能详了，不以亲疏好恶来定是非，而是惟贤是举，诚可贵矣。
另一位是中国革命的先驱者_先生，他在广大的人民群众中享有崇高的威望，在担任了南京临时政府大总统之后，权力可谓达到政治生涯的顶峰。各界人士一致推举_的哥哥孙眉担任广东的都督，当此之时，_先生只需微微首肯，便定能保证自己的哥哥飞黄腾达，然而这位伟人没有这样做，他只是婉言地谢绝了，说：”我哥哥才力有限，不堪担此重任。“如此高风亮节怎能不让人仰慕不已。
一、培养学习兴趣。
兴趣是最好的老师，浓厚的兴趣可培养同学们的求知欲，激起强大的学习动力，促使自己顽强拼搏，努力学习。古今中外取得巨大成就的人，无一不是对自己所从事的职业产生强烈、浓厚的兴趣。孔子曾说过，“知之者不如好之者。”讲的就是这个道理。要想培养自己学习外语的浓厚兴趣，首先就得明确英语学习的重要性，以及英语的重要地位，从而培养自己远大志向，形成明确而强烈的学习动机。经常看一些英语节目,听自己喜爱的英文歌曲，阅读英文故事等，都将非常有助于培养同学们的学习兴趣。
二、树立信心。
要想学好英语，除了有浓厚的兴趣外，还得有坚强的决心和高度的自信心。古人曾指出：“学者须先立志”，“无志则不能学”。一旦有了自信心，就能克服困难，满怀热情地投入到学习中来。英语学习过程中会遇到许许多多坎坎坷坷，成绩也会出现大的浮动，无论怎样，决不气馁、永不放弃。相信太阳每天总是新的，只要坚持，终会超越自己。
三、养成良好习惯。
在我们的教学中，发现有的孩子特聪明，但是英语反而学得并不好，相反，有些孩子智力一般，英语成绩却非常突出，到底问题出在哪里?我认为其中最重要的原因是学习习惯的差异影响着学生的学习效果。兴趣是最好的老师，可仅有兴趣是不够的，没有良好的英语学习习惯，不能坚持不懈地学习，英语是不可能学好的。特别是我们的新课标教学，词汇量增大，知识面拓宽，难度加大，孩于们的自觉性又不太好。要让他们主动积极，兴趣盎然地学好英语，我们必须在教学中有意识地培养他们良好的英语学习习惯。培根说：“习惯真是一种顽强而巨大的力量，它可以主宰人生。”孩子们的英语学习习惯决定学习结果那么我们在教学中就一定要逐步培养他们的好的学习习惯。
四、培养良好习惯具体方法。
1、听、说是培养语感、提高英语成绩的重要途径
强调课下每日听磁带的重要性。坚持听磁带的更主要目的是为了在听的同时，进行跟读;要求耳朵很敏锐地找出自己与原声带中发音不尽一样的地方，并不断减小差异，使自己的语音更加地道，把每日的听读作为一种习惯来养成。
此外， 听课文朗读磁带的同时也是在复习课文，它可以帮助更好的熟悉课文内容，培养语感。为什么我们在作题时，经常会莫名地选中一个感觉上正确、但又无法清楚解释其所以然的答案，其实它是大量正确语言输入信息在你脑海中形成的潜意识，即语感。我们的学生除了课堂几乎没有语言环境可交际，这就要求学生至少在课堂上听说英语。因此老师很关键，要给他们制造语言氛围，要配合适当的教学手段，用英语教英语。学生也尽量用英语思考，用英语表达。这样学生的注意力会更集中。
2、养成良好的书面表达的习惯
对于初中一年级的孩子，现在的写作训练基本要求在50个词左右。学生应习惯于经常性地写一个小段落。一来是能提高对英语的自如运用，二来考察了孩子们的洞察力，培养其发现新生事物的能力。所以常写、多写是大有益处的。用英语写，一方面侧重于运笔的技能和技巧，二方面侧重于思想和情感的表达能力。书写和写作两方面是统一的，书写技巧差，字迹潦草不清，读的人看不清，直接影响了思想和情感的表达。在初一入门时，对学生的书写就应严格训练。写作习惯的培养虽然困难些，但也应该尽早进行。现在的新教材一模块围绕一个主题学习，学生可模仿写一篇短文。另外日记，值日报告等都是大家熟悉的练习写作的方式，坚持下来，效果很好。
3、及时消化知识的习惯
当天学的语言知识当天清，一周结束要巩固所学知识。老师可通过一周一次的检测来了解学生掌握知识的情况，以便及时补救，避免负面增长。对于那些习惯不是很好的孩子来说，要养成这些英语学习的习惯是一个漫长而痛苦的过程。因为习惯不是简单的束缚，不是简单的模仿
一、单词的学习
1.单词的记忆。在背诵单词时切忌死记硬背以学好音标，掌握发音规则是关键。
2.掌握重音位置。平时的单词学习中，大家一定要特别注意重音的位置。
3.熟能生巧。每学期开学前，把前面几册书的单词重新背诵，然后再把新书中单词提前背诵下来，平时也会不定期的复习所学过的单词。这样，学过的单词想忘记也难了。
二、课文的学习
1、学生在学习课文前一定要预习老师即将要讲的内容，事先把自己认为比较难的单词，词组和句子划出来。
2、加强英语阅读是重点，课堂上的文章有时过于局限，可能缺乏生动性和乐趣性。希望大家课下也要多读些课外文章。
三、语法的学习
初中是开始学习系统语法知识的重要阶段。如果这阶段的语法学习好了，学习以后的语法就会感到很轻松。从初一开始学好语法的方法有：
1.掌握基本句型。老师所讲的单词的用法，词组和句型必须要背诵，甚至是死记硬背。基本句型都能背下来，做题才能够灵活运用。
2.学习语法必须系统。知识是一扯一串的。在学习语法知识的时候，一个优秀的学生看到的不仅仅是眼前的一个单词，一个句型，他会懂得如何举一反三，如何系统的掌握每一个知识点。
3.初一所学习的更多的是词法而不是句法，所以初中英语学习一定要把重心放在词法上，就是名词，介词，冠词，代词，形容词等等的用法。
四、写作的学习
初一要想写好作文，必须多读别人的好文章，要注意结构完整，语句精彩，意思连贯，语言流畅，语法准确，符合逻辑等等。
五、加强听力的训练听力在中考中占30分的比例，所以大家绝对不可以对听力掉以轻心。以上文章的内容，就是我们学大英语教师为同学们带来的，初一新生如何学好英语最基本的五要点了，希望你在学习的时候，好好阅读我们的知识。
对于某些同学来说，作文难，难于上青天。谓予不信，请看——
镜头一：某生在作文课上，啃着笔头，冥思苦想长达三十分钟之久，最终将语文课本第一课抄在作文纸上。
镜头二：某生考试时写一篇题目为《高尚道德不能无》的作文，曰：“今年的7月1日，香港顺利地回到了祖国的怀抱。我国各族人民都要有一个新的认识。要从现在开始，要有一个高尚的道德品质，在澳门回到祖国怀抱时，要有一个崭新的面貌。” （上面两段从“是什么”角度摆现象。）
看了这两个镜头，大家也许会觉得可笑。一笑之余，是否能看出点什么呢？俗话说，“巧妇难为无米之炊”，上面两生没有生活储备，因而写不出有血有肉的文章来，只能是抄课文或东拉西扯，甚至把高尚的道德品质和香港、澳门的回归死拉硬拼在一起。这样胡乱拼凑的大杂烩，恐怕没有人喜欢品尝吧。
（第三段从反面论证。以两个学生作文时无话可写为例，说明作文要有生活积累。） 陆游曾说过：“汝果欲学诗，功夫在诗外。’试想屈原如果不是在流放时，深入地了解当地人民的生活与疾苦，哪有《离骚》这样的旷世名篇问世呢？哪有“路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索”这样的名句流传千古呢？写诗是这样，写其他的文章也不例外。蒲松龄落第后，奋然写落第自勉联以激励自己。他为了写出好的作品，就在路边开了个茶铺，路人要喝茶，只要给他讲一个故事就可以了。他听了十几年的故事，搜集了大量的写作材料，终于写出了《聊斋志异》，成为我国文学史上的一朵奇葩。
（第四段从正面论证。以陆游的`诗句与屈原、蒲松龄的创作为例，说明深人生活，占有材料对写作的重要性。）
可见，有米下锅，巧妇就好为炊了。写作的功夫主要不在课内，而在课外。我们课内所学的只是一些最基本的骨架，真正要使文章“活”起来，使之有血有肉，那还得靠课外的功夫。只要把目光投向社会与生活，勤于搜集材料，储备材料，就会变“没啥写”为“写不完”了。
（第五照应开头同学作文状况，联系实际，说明写作的功夫在课外。）
多一份热情去投身生活；多一份理智去感悟生活（从感情与理智两个角度讲生活对作文的重要性，概括准确。）去捕捉生活的闪光点，只有把功夫下在课外，才能给你带来喜悦与成功。（照应题目。）
最后一段强调生活与作文的关系，照应中心与题目。
Everyone who knows Olivia Griffiths is impressed by her unique sense of style. Whenever she walks into a room, heads turn. Her friends wonder where she buys her scarves made from the finest Chinese silk. Or how she managed to snag the new Mulberry satchel that no one had thought was available in Australia yet.
每一个认识奥利维亚格里菲思的人都会对她独特的穿衣品味印象深刻。每次她走进房间总是能引起别人的关注。朋友们都想知道：她是在哪里买到上等的丝绸围巾?又是如何抢到在澳洲还没有发售的Mulberry新款皮包的?
The truth is that Olivia has never left Australia. But with a few clicks of her computer mouse, she can travel to shopping destinations around the world.
事实上，奥利维亚从没离开过澳洲，但她只需轻击几下电脑鼠标，便能前往世界各地的购物天堂。
Online shopping has revolutionized the consumer experience. With the help of an increasing number of online shops overseas, shoppers can now pick up interesting goods made in exotic locations all over the world.
The biggest advantage of shopping on foreign websites is the wide range of choices available. For example, Chinese shoppers are often frustrated when Gap products are not available locally. But now it’s possible to order these products straight from the US with a credit card and a small delivery fee.
Other benefits of online shopping include competitive prices. When items are bought online from other countries, they’re often tax-free.
网购的一大好处便是价格合理。当你海淘时，这些商品通常都是免税的。
However, when you buy things from a foreign website, things can get tricky too. So make sure you pay extra attention to protecting your rights.
然而，海淘也可能会出现一些棘手的麻烦。所以你要特别注意维权。
Sometimes it can be difficult to navigate foreign websites because of the unfamiliar language. For example, the term “shipped in 1-5 working days” can be confusing for Chinese shoppers, as it doesn’t clarify whether this is the time in which the product will arrive or the time it takes for it to be processed.
when george was young, he played a lot of games, and he was thin and strong. but when he was about 45, he began to become fat. he couldn’t breathe well. and when he walk fast, his heart painfully (心跳痛). he couldn’t do anything about this for a long time, so finally he became afraid and went to see a doctor.
the doctor looked him over here and there and said, “i don’t want to make you sad, george. but you’re very ill and i believe that you can’t live much longer. would you like me to ask anybody to come and see you before you die?” george thought for a few seconds and then answered, “i’d like another doctor to come and see me.”
got fat _____________.
a. when he was very old b. when he was young
c. when he was forty-five d. when he was fifty
this passage, the word “breathe” means __________ in chinese.
a.吃饭 b. 呼吸 c. 喝水 d. 喝酒
was something wrong with george’s _______when he walked fast.
a. heart b. legs c. feet d. eyes
did george do?
was a doctor. was a teacher.
was a worker. don’t know.
of the following is right?
george found he had trouble in breathing and walking, he went to see a doctor soon.
did nothing about his illness for a long time.
was afraid to see a doctor when he was ill.
young doctor wanted george to see another doctor first.
answers:
arrived at the bus station quite early for Paris bus. The bus for Paris would not leave until five to twelve. He saw a lot of people waiting in the station. Some were standing in line(排队), others were walking around. There was a group of schoolgirls. Their teacher was trying to keep them in line. Tom looked around but there was no place for him to sit.
He walked into the station cafe(咖啡馆). he looked up at the clock there. It was only twenty to twelve. He found a seat and sat down before a large mirror(镜子) on the wall. Just then, Mike, one of Tom’s workmates came in and sat with Tom.
“What time is your bus?” asked Mike.
“There’s plenty of time yet,” answered Tom.
“Well, I’ll get you some more tea then,” said Mike.
They talked while drinking. Then Tom looked at the clock again. “Oh! It’s going backward(倒行)!” he cried. “A few minutes ago it was twenty to twelve and now it’s half past eleven.”
“You’re looking at the clock in the mirror.” said Mike. Tom was so sad(难过). The next bus was not to leave for another hour. Since then Tom has never liked mirrors.
根据以上短文内容，从下列各题所给的四个选项中选择的一项。
1. Tom went into the station cafe because ______.
A. Mike asked him to have a cup of tea
B. it was quite early and he could find a seat there
C. he didn’t like to stay with the schoolgirls
D. he wanted to have a drink with his workmate there
2. What time was it in fact when Tom looked at the clock in the mirror?
A. Half past twelve B. Twenty to twelve
C. Half past eleven D. Half past one
3. From the story we know that when we look at a clock in a mirror, we will find _______.
A. the time is right B. it’s going slower
C. it’s going backward D. it’s going faster
4. Which of the following is true?
A. Tom arrived in Paris on time
B. The next bus would leave in half an hour
C. After that Tom didn’t like clocks any longer
D. Tom looked at the clock in the mirror only once
5. Which of the following is the title(题目) of the story?
A. The Mirror of the Station B. Not A Careful Man
C. Missing A Bus D. The Clock In The Mirror
A very new, young officer was at a station. He was on his way to visit his mother in another town, and he wanted to telephone her to tell her the time of this train , so that she could meet him at the station in her car．He look in all his pockets, but round that he did not have the right money for the telephone, so he went outside and looked around for someone to help him.
At last an old soldier came by, and the young officer stopped him and said, _Have you got change（零钱） for ten pence（便士）?_
_Wait a moment, _ the old soldier answered. He began to put his hand in his pock- et, _I'll see whether I can help you. _
_Don't you know how to speak to an officer?_ the young man said angrily. _Now let's start again. Have you got change for ten pence? _
_No, sir,_ the old soldier answered quickly.
1．The young officer and his mother lived______.
A．in the same town
B．in different places
C．in another town
D．in the other town
2．The young officer Wanted to telephone his mother to tell her______.
A．that he was going to visit her
B．where his train would leave for
C．what time his train would arrive at the station
D．that he was then at the station
3．He looked around for help because he______.
A．had no money to make the phone call
B．did not know where to make the phone call
C．needed some change for the phone call
D．wanted to get change from the old soldier
4．The young officer was angry because he thought the old soldier______.
A．was polite to him
B．was not polite to him
C．didn't know how to speak to him
D．didn't like to help him at all
5．Which of the following is not true?
A．Both the young officer and the old soldier were angry.
B．The young officer wanted his mother to meet him at the station.
C．He wanted the old soldier to speak to him in a polite way.
D．He didn't know the soldier before.
David is eight. One day his friend Rose says to him, _This Sunday is my birthday. Can you come to my birthday party?_ David says, _Yes._
On Sunday, David asks his mother if he can go to the party. His mother says, _Yes, you can go, but you must be polite. Don't ask for any food. They will give you some._ _All right, Mum._ David answers and he goes to Rose's house on his bike.
There are lots of kids at the party. They play together for some time, and then Rose's mother gives them some food, but she forgets David. He waits and waits and then he takes his plate up and asks, _Do you want a nice clean plate?_
( ) 1. Whose birthday is it? .
A. Rose's B. David's C. Rose's mother's
( ) 2. The birthday party is in .
A. Rose's house B. David's house C. Rose's school
( ) 3. David goes to the party .
A. by car B. by bike C. by bus
( ) 4. David is Rose's .
A. friend B. classmate C. brother
( ) 5. Who gives David food at the party?
A. Rose B. Rose's mother C. No one
Technology is everywhere. We see it any place we go and，in fact，almostall of us carry some piece oftechnology with us every time we leave the I always forget，though，is just how useful andpowerful technology can bewhen we want to help others
There is not a single room in my house that does not have some electronicdevices(设备) lying around init. Whenever I am at home，I am almost always usingat least one electronic device. If you walked into myliving room on any givenday，you would find that，first，I have the television on. At the same time，Iusuallyhave my laptop resting on my knee，or I will be using my mobile phone，Even when i'm not at home I amalways using my phone，and at work or in cafes，Isit down and connect to the local wireless network on myipcop.
I must say that I waste a lot of time on the computer and the time I spendon it could be much betterspent if I were to take up a little onlinevolunteering
The technology we carry about everywhere can have a great power to do goodfor the world and to helpothers and recently I discovered just how much onlinevolunteering there is to do in the world. From usingyour language skills to dotranslations，to developing and managing projects and helping with IT work，thereis so much that so many people can do to help people in their own countriesand across the world. The UnitedNations，in fact，has a huge page with_Volunteers Recruited_ on its website.
This work can support the poor and help charities who cannot pay for organizations onlyrequire you to work an hour a week-some even less. Andthe support provided by online volunteers can reallyhelp make a difference tothose in need.
27. From Paragraph 2，we can know that the writer
A. uses technology a lot B. works in a cafe
C. is a computer engineer D. likes modern music
28. The underlined word Recruited_in Paragraph 4 means“ ”
A. Ordered B. Wanted C. Visited D. Warned
29. In the writers opinion，people should spend more time withtechnology.
A. working on computer programs B. keeping the Internet safe
C. inventing electronic products D. helping people in need
30. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. Website Design B. Internet Organizations
C. Online Volunteering D. Online Translation
Beauty sleep is a real thing, researches have shown that people who haveenough sleep look more attractive (有魅力的) to others.
A few bad nights is enough to make a person look _especially_ more ugly,their sleep experiments show.
The researchers asked 25 university students to join in their sleepexperiment. They were asked to get a good night's sleep for two nights.
A week later, they were asked to sleep for only four hours every night fortwo nights in a row.
The researchers took make-up free (素颜) photos of the volunteers after boththe good and the bad sleep.
Next, they asked 122 strangers to have a look at the photos and judge (评价)them on attractiveness, health, and sleepiness, as well as asking them: _Howmuch would you like to make friends with this person in the picture?_
The strangers were good at judging if the person they were looking at wastired, and, if they were sleepy, their attractiveness score was low.
The strangers also said they wouldn't want to socialize with the tiredstudents. The researchers say this is natural for people. An unhealthy-lookingface makes people run away. In other words, people don't want to hang aroundwith people who might be ill.
Dr. Brewer, an expert at the University of Liverpool said _Judgement ofattractiveness is often unconscious (无意识的), hut we all do it, and we are able tojudge on even something small like whether someone looks tired or study is a good reminder of how important sleep is to us._
35. When did the researchers take make-up free photos?
A. After two nights good sleep.
B. After two nights bad sleep.
C. Before the experiment.
D. After both two nights good sleep and two nights' had sleep.
36. The researchers asked the strangers to do the following except_______.
A. telling who looked healthier
B. telling who didn't have many friends
C. telling who missed a lot of sleep
D. telling who was attractive
37. What kind of friends did the strangers like to make?
A. The people who were tired.
B. The people who were sleepy.
C. The people who were unhealthy.
D. The people who were attractive and energetic.
38. What does the underlined word _socialize _mean in Chinese?
A.合伙
B.玩耍
C.交往
D.共事
39. According to the passage, which of the following is the best title?
A. Beauty sleep, More attractive
B. More sleep, More Friends
C. Less sleep, Fewer friends
D. No attractiveness, No friends
1.词汇语法巧妙记忆。
对于大部分学生而言，单词、语法往往都是靠死记硬背，也因此学生很容易对学习英语产生了恐惧。卓越初一英语课程则很好地归纳了多种有效的记忆方法，如音节法、联想法、口诀记忆法等，浅显易懂、方便实用，让学生在最短的时间里熟记并牢记最多的单词和语法知识点，助学生轻松踏出第一步。
2. 阅读高分技巧。
“得阅读，得天下”。阅读分值在全卷中所占比例较高，想要让总分有一个质的飞跃，把握好阅读至关重要。阅读的题材广泛、题型多样，掌握好做题技巧能让你事半功倍。如“连连看”做题技巧，三部到位，让你在做阅读细节题时，如同玩游戏一般简单。
3. 高效复习。
考前复习必不可少，准确把握要点、逐个击破方为上策。对方方面面进行复习固然万无一失，但时间有限，有针对性的复习则显得更为高效。预测试题配合抢分技巧，分数十拿九稳，不再担心考试。
同学们都在忙碌地准备着就寝工作，哗—老师进来了“同学们，明天就是你们寝室同学打扫公工卫生，下面我来进行分配工作任务……”。铃声响了，耳朵边清晰地传来那首《摇篮曲》，那婉转的歌声渐渐地催我们入睡。闭上眼，慢慢进入了甜蜜的梦乡：“呵呵真好，终于轮到我们寝室打扫公共卫生，并且我是托通道的，真好……
清晨，一阵微风拂过，我伸了一个懒腰，从床上爬起。新的一天开始了。带同学们陆续走后我们的工作便一一了开始了”。走在洗衣房的路上我边走边响；“真是太爽了，老师竟叫我托通道，哎我可幸运死啦，我听别人说，托通道像开火车一样，速度和时间可以随时把握……”我飞快地冲进了洗衣房。拿起拖把先到水槽了浸湿，在冲洗干净。随后进行的就是那飞速的“火车之战”我拿起拖把放在地上用手稍稍的做支撑，然后飞快的向前冲去。到了另一头，我微微的转过头看看自己刚拖过的地面，小小的心里感到了一种喜悦和快乐。
我照着刚才的动作，一一进行打扫。接着就是整理老师的值班室，一切工作完毕后。我静静的坐下，刚想回过头分享刚才的喜悦时，一种麻麻的酸痛从我的脚上油然而生，也许是刚才兴奋过度，也许是自己缺乏一些锻炼。
此时，“实践出真知”这句话深深的印在我的心中，什么事情都要去学会自己去亲身体验（指一些有益的事），不能盲目的进行下结论。同学们，让我们为自己的生活规划规划，挑战身边的消失。从实践中获得真知，从实践中体验快乐，从实践中收获成长。
德国工程师鲁道夫·狄塞尔曾因发明柴油机而轰动欧洲，使得当时的一切动力机都相形见绌。曾经与狄塞尔签订柴油机试制合同的奥格斯堡机器制造厂，接到大批柴油发动机的订货，狄塞尔名扬四海，靠着出卖发明专利权，一下成为百万富翁。可惜，柴油发动机远不成熟，需要继续研究改进；而狄塞尔却忙于生财，无心再去钻研。科学最容不得虚假与欺骗，奥格斯堡机器制造厂生产的柴油机在使用中运转不良，用户纷纷要求退货。狄塞尔想尽办法维护柴油机的声誉，却不肯花力气去改进它的质量和性能。于是，柴油机的声誉一落千丈，狄塞尔也很快破产。在四面楚歌的情况下，他无奈地登上了一艘渡轮，掏出一叠叠的债券，自己投入英吉利海峡，结束了自己的一生。
人不可能不犯错误，科学家也不例外。成就一件事不容易，但是更难的却是在功成名就之后，能否继续奋斗，不断超越自己，这比成功还要难。
我是一个普通的不能再普通的人，说白了也就是一个平民小百姓。而我的生活是再平常不过了。从来到这个世界上至今为止算算也已经15个年头了，但是吧，说句真话，就咱那生活，真可谓是平淡无奇，就没有一件典型的。——够失败的吧！
我正坐在床上，专心的用积木修建着自己的城堡，经过一番艰苦努力之后，望着即将大功告成的宏伟建筑，我“咯咯咯……”笑出了声。“吃饭了，宝贝，吃饭了。”外屋的老妈做好了饭叫我，可是我有点不给面子，任凭老爸老妈怎么叫就不反应。爸妈一脸无奈，但又怕我饿着，就过来抱我，虽说我还没学会走路，但天生踢人的功夫可一点也不孬，光是一招“三十六式连环腿”就够老爸受的了，咳，怎么样？我够帅吧！
稍大时
我最最最舍不得离开那温暖的小窝——床。老妈为了叫我起床就用一个最通俗的方法说什么“太阳晒到屁股啦！”我却赖在被窝里就不起，管他什么太阳晒到哪儿了，不想起就是不起，还用清脆的童声唱上一句“说不起就不起，不起不起就不起！”好不容易起来了，又满屋乱窜，丝毫不珍惜老妈的劳动成果，只见地上行云流水般出现了一串黑印，老妈无奈的摇摇头。这时，只听“咚”一声，我已经重重的摔在地上，“哇”一声大哭起来，但是，只是一声，立马又没声音了，老妈以为我哭得背过气了呢，进屋一看，又好笑又生气，只见我正躺在地上打地铺，专心致志的抠一枚图钉抠得正起劲呢！唉！没办法！谁让老妈你要把我设计成这样呢？干吗不在肚里好好规划规划？
再大点
也许我爷爷的爷爷的爷爷的爷爷的上好几代是三国时期的赵云吧，所以，到了我这儿又旧情复发，恋三国。
每次吃饭也好，写作业也好，只要《三国演义》主题曲一响，我立刻以百米冲刺的速度飞到电视前，有滋有味的看起来，我看电视的时候那叫个认真啊，天塌下来也不知道。看完以后，也不用老爸老妈催，自己又该干嘛干嘛去了。特自觉！所以，有时候老爸看三国总把声音弄得很低，而这时，我耳朵却特好使，好像安了扩音器似的，偏偏能听见。每次听到这个声音，总有一种别样的亲切感。你说我这不是旧情复发是什么？
还在长大
Monday morning is an important time at our school. All of the students go to the playground.
We listen to music, and we 36 the national flag(国旗) go up.
Usually, one student gives a talk on Monday mornings. One Monday last year, a boy gave the talk. He was 37 and excited ! When I saw him, I wanted to have a try, too.
Can I really do it
Last week, our teacher said our class should give the talk. My teacher 38 me, _I know you want to have a try. Next Monday, you can give the talk. Go and write something down. 39 for it, I'm sure you'll do well._
_Thank you ,_ I answered, It was such a great 40 for me ! When I got home , I was excited. I wrote two pages for the talk. I read them again and again. When I read, I asked my parents 41 . I wanted to make my teacher happy.
Monday morning came. I began to feel 42 . When did I last give a talk to 43 many people Never! This was my first time. Could I really 44 it Maybe I couldn't finish the talk.
When I got to school, we all went out to playground. I 45 in front of everyone. I opened my mouth, but I couldn't say anything.
( ) 36. A. watch B. see C. notice D. look at
( ) 37. A. surprising B. proud C. amazed D. careful
( ) 38. A. told B. asked for C. said to D. showed
( ) 39. A. Look out B. Come on C. Take care D. Get ready
( ) 40. A. chance B. news C. time D. message
( ) 41. A. to listen to B. to listen C. listen to D. listen
( ) 42. A. excited B. happy C. nervous D. surprised
( ) 43. A. after B. such C. before D. so
( ) 44. A. do B. speak C. talk D. take
( ) 45. A. stand B. stood C. was standing D. have stood
Dear Zhang Qian：
Thank you very much for your letter. You want to know about my favorite sport and instrument. Now I can tell you. Swimming is my favorite sport, and I like volleyball, basketball and ping-pong, Zhang Yining is my favorite player. I am good at playing chess, too. My favorite instrument is the violin. I like to play the violin every weekend. What about you? What's your favorite sport? Do you like to play the violin? Who's your favorite player? And who is your favorite musician? Please tell me. Yours．
Li Bing
( ) 1. This letter is from Zhang Yining.
( ) 2. Zhang Qian wants to know Li Bing's favorite sport and player.
( ) 3. Zhang Qian likes swimming best.
( ) 4. Li Bing plays the violin on weekends.
( ) 5. Li Bing can swim very well, but she can't play chess.
People sometimes like to read stories of dogs very much. They think that dogs are much cleverer than cats, sheep, cows or other animals in their homes.
One of my close friends, Bob, has a very large police dog named Jack. Every Sunday afternoon, Bob and Jack have a walk in the park nearby. Jack likes these walks very much. One Sunday afternoon, I paid a visit to my friend. I stayed there for a long time and my friend and I had much more talk with each other than ever before. Soon it was time for them to take a walk in the park. We forgot that. Jack became worried about it. He walked around the room several times and then sat down in front of me and looked at me. But I still paid no attention (注意) to him. I went on talking with my friend. At last, Jack could not wait any longer. He went out of the room and came back a few minutes later. He sat down in front of me again. But this time, he held my hat in his mouth. Suddenly, I understood what Jack meant and so did my friend.
1．How many people are there in this story?______.
A．One
B．Two
C．Three
D．Four
2．Jack______.
A．is a close friend of mine
B．enjoys long walks in the park every Sunday afternoon
C．has many close friends
D．enjoys talks in the room
3．Jack was worried because______.
A．he wanted to eat something
B．it was Sunday afternoon again
C．he was not feeling well
D．he wanted his master (主人) to take him for a walk
4．Jack took my hat in his mouth to show that______.
A．I should leave the house at once
B．he liked my hat very much
C．he was hungry and he tried to eat it
D．he wanted to have a rest
5．Which of the following is true?______.
A．When Jack and I were talking, my friend didn't pay any attention to us
B．When I was talking to my friend, Jack didn't pay any attention to us
C．When my friend and I were talking, we didn't pay any attention to Jack
D．When my friend was talking to Jack, I paid attention to them
To save time, many Americans buy foods which can be quickly made ready for the table. On holidays, families enjoy delicious meals. For example, on Thanksgiving Day, the fourth Thursday in November, family members get together for a turkey dinner with pumpkin pie（南瓜派）.
The United States is known around the world for its fast food, such as hamburgers, sandwiches, pizzas, salad bars, and many kinds of ice cream. People can easily find fast food chains（连锁店）,such as McDonalds’ and KFC, in most of the big cities in the world.
These years, many people have taken more and more care of their health while eating. They come to know eating too much meat will make them overweight. Many of them are also worried about food addictives（添加剂）. Some of them may be harmful to the body.
1. Many Americans buy _______ to save time.
A. ready-made food B. food to cook at home
C. inexpensive food D. foreign food
2. Thanksgiving Day is on _________.
A. November 4th B. Every the 4thTuesday in November
C. the fourth Thursday in November D. Every November the fourth
3. Pizza is a kind of __________ food.
A. take-away B. home-cooking C. fast D. Chinese
4. What does the word ‘overweight’ mean? It means______________
A. thinner B. fatter C. worse D. better
5. People are worried about_________. Which is not true?
A. overweight B. their health C. food addictives D. fast food
Is there an important exam right around the comer? You might be starting tofear, thinking that there' s no way for you to get a good grade because of thelittle time left to study. This is something all students may worry about. Butyou should accept the fact that you have to take the
exam no matter how much you want to avoid it.
Thankfully, there are several ways to help you get at least a passinggrade. You may have a try.
Get yourself together.
This might sound like silly advice, but it's actually the most you fear, you may lose control over your thoughts and actions Even if youtry to study, perhaps you won’t get anything in your head.
Enjoy enough sleep.
It's unbelievable many students have little sleep each night. That’s notsomething to be proud of, especially if you're sleeping so little and stillfailing to do all the things Sleep isn't for the weak, but for the wise. Yourbrain needs enough rest. After a good night's sleep, you'll perform much betterin the morning.
Don’t fear.
Once the test paper is in front of you don't be afraid. Take a deep breathand start the exam with confidence(信心). Just like when you were reviewing, putaway the problems you’re having difficulty in and come back to them later. Ifyou have time left, go over everything to make sure you haven’t made anycareless mistakes.
41. In the writers opinion, whenever there's an importantexam,___________.
A. students might experience a period of fear
B. students will have little time to worry
C. students should try everything possible to avoid it
D. students have to ask teachers for more help
42. The writer describes _get yourself together_ as silly advicebecause___________.
A. it won't influence your thoughts
B. it is one of the common senses
C. it is not the most important suggestion
D. it won’t help you get anything in your head
43. Enough sleep before an important exam is____________.
A. the pride of the weak
B. not something to be proud of
C. not necessary for the wise
D. a way to avoid failing in exams
44. When you meet with difficult problems in the exam, youcan__________.
A. give them up and take a deep breath
B. think hard and review them once again
C. put them away first and come back later
D. just trust yourself and look through the paper
45. According to the passage, you may get at least the passing grade if____________.
A. you fear nothing
B. you follow the writer's advice
C. the problems are not difficult
D. the preparation time lasts longer
_You're just in time, Joe. We're going to play cowboys（牛仔） and Indians, and you can be the Indians. _ One of my cousins（堂兄弟）said.
_How many Indians?_ I asked.
_Oh, about a thousand. _ He answered, and before I could say no，I was pushed out into the night and became a thousand Indians. Two minutes later I was running in the fields with a group of cowboys behind. The shouts of _After them. Let's catch the killers!_ and other such TV play language came into my ears as I ran round a corner and hurried into my Grandpa's car．
_We've got him, boys. Let's go and catch him!_
But no one wanted to come to get me. All of my cousins except one were always very friendly with. It was quiet outside. And I went out of the car to have a look.
Just then I heard a shout , _Bring the rope（绳子）, and we can burn him. _
_Only Indians burn people. Cowboys._ I stopped just in time. I had almost said, _Cowboys hang（绞死）people. _
I was tied to a tree, and the cowboys were looking for some wood when my dear mother called, _We're leaving now. _
_Untie me._ I shouted. _We're going.
_Why did Bobby want matches（火柴）?_ Mum asked when we were in the car. _He was asking Dad whether he had any. _
_oh, he was just going t matches? MATCHES? Are you sure he wanted matches_
Mother was quite sure, and I didn't say any more.
1．How many children played the Indians? [ ]
A．One thousand
B．One hundred
C．One group
D．One
2．Why did Joe's cousin say that Joe was just in time? Because______. [ ]
A．there were not enough children four the game
B．the game was just going to start
C．none of his cousins wanted to be the Indians
D．they were waiting for Joe
3．Joe didn't say _Cowbays hang people._ Because______. [ ]
A．he was tied to a tree
B．that would make things worse
C．he was caught by the cowboys
D．that would make the cowboys angry
4．Which of the following is TRUE? [ ]
A．One of Joe's cousins was looking for matches.
B．Dad didn't want to give the children any matches.
C．Bobby wanted to get some matches from his father.
D．Mum didn't think children should play with matches.
笔者曾于20xx年调查全国会计从业资格考试软件会计电算化软件的问题，在《关于统一会计电算化考试软件的探讨》中对于全国会计电算化考试采用的软件厂商的分布情况进行统计，其中用友软件占53%，金蝶占19%，其他如金算盘、新中大、等软件厂商占据零星市场。在《统一会计电算化考试内容的探讨》一文中，对于考试内容以及时间的多样性也进行了分析。
20xx年全国试行财政部软件，20xx年推广，财政部迈出了可喜的一步，表面上解决了软件厂商控制从业考试，影响市场竞争的问题，笔者对于最新的财政部软件进行了详细的测试和分析，最后发现问题依旧突出。
一、问题以及解决方式
（一）总账部分存在的问题
经过对多种版本财政部软件的测试，在填制会计凭证这一重要环节存在的问题最为典型，突出表现为：1.可以直接录入上级科目，而不是只能录制末级科目。2.填制凭证时填写只有借方或者只有贷方的凭证时，不做提示。3.金额借贷不平衡不做提示。4.不填写摘要不做提示。5.录入会计科目编码，不自动产生会计科目，且提示“会计科目无效”。原本2211应付职工薪酬下级有多个二级会计科目，但选取科目时，依据可以选取总分类科目2211应付职工薪酬。借方会计科目选取1001库存现金而将原本属于贷方的应付职工薪酬置于借方依舊可以保存，即使将金额由100改为200，依旧可以保存。在“摘要”栏内无需录入摘要内容即可保存。
1994年颁布的《会计核算软件基本功能规范》第十五条规定，在输入记账凭证过程中，会计核算软件必须提供以下提示功能：1.正在输入的记账凭证编号是否与已输入的机内记账凭证编号重复；2.以编号形式输入会计科目的，应当提示该编号所对应的会计科目名称；3.正在输入的记账凭证中的会计科目借贷双方金额不平衡，或没有输入金额，应予提示并拒绝执行；4.正在输入的记账凭证有借方会计科目而无贷方会计科目或者有贷方会计科目而无借方会计科目的，应予提示并拒绝执行；5.正在输入的收款凭证借方科目不是“现金”或“银行存款”科目、付款凭证贷方科目不是“现金”或“银行存款”科目的，应提示并拒绝执行。而第二十条明确规定会计核算软件提供的原始凭证输入项目应当齐全主要项目有：填制凭证日期、填制凭证单位或填制人姓名、接受凭证单位名称、经济业务内容、数量、单价和金额等。
（二）固定资产以及工资管理存在的设计缺陷
固定工资考试内容相对较少，但是在生成凭证的典型题目上有问题：
按照操作员身份登陆后首先选择“20xx年1月全员工资表“，第二步选择”20xx年1月全员工资表，应发合计“（这一步骤存在指代不明的问题，只能依据经验判断）；第三步”设置科目“，其实无论如何选择都不起作用，首先默认的就是2211应付职工薪酬，本身就是错误的，因为属于上级科目（有末级科目不选择上级科目），选择后亦无效。
（三）其他问题
其他问题例如导航栏设计不合理，基础编码下拉列表中有客户而应收系统中也存在客户，基础编码下有会计科目，而总账下面同样有会计科目，基础编码下有供应商，而应付下亦有供应商，关键问题在于，不仅设置多余，后者根本无法激活，不能使用。
应收应付中，存在对方科目输入科目编码，可以出现科目名称，而表体内则并不可以，而且必须选择才可以，手工录入无效。
二、总结
总体而言，财政部题库自带软件适当弱化了软件厂商对于会计从业资格考试的控制，起到存进市场公平的作用，但是由于没有摆脱对于原有厂商的依赖，例如后台数据库的简单挪用，前台则更改界面内容，导致控制条件失效，出现冗余的设计以及一些原则性错误。固然财政部无需经过商业软件的严格测试，但是对于会计电算化软件的基本功能规范应该遵守。
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