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更新时间：2024-02-25 16:04:54 发布时间：24小时内 作者：文/会员上传 下载docx
2023-07-05
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Introduction
The bar chart compares the time spent by 10 to 15-year-olds in the UK on two activities, namely chatting online and playing computer games.
该柱状图比较了英国10至15岁青少年的两项活动，即在线聊天和玩电脑游戏。
Overview
By contrast, girls prefer chatting online. Close to 70% of 10 to 15-year-old girls engage in online conversation each day, compared to about 50% of this cohort who play computer games. Of the girls who do play on consoles, most of them play for less than an hour, whereas most girls who chat online do so for more than one hour, and nearly 10% chat for four hours or more.(188)
饼图：游客分析
The chart below shows the results of a survey of people who visited four types of tourist attraction in Britain in the year 1999.
Task achievement
1. 数据选取方面，文章描述了图中给出的所有阶段。虽然在第一幅图片具体的时间上有所取舍，但基本不影响理解。
2. 文章的最后一段对两张图表进行了总结，并指出它们之间的关系（第一幅图中的蚕茧是第二幅图的原材料）。这点大家要尤其注意一下。如果考试中文章来自老烤鸭雅思遇到的流程图是两幅图，总结的时候还需要点出它们之间的关系，而非简单分别描述即可。
3. 因为是流程图，所以该篇文章中并没有进行数据的对比。这点也不是流程图考察的重点。
Coherence and Cohesion
1. 文章逻辑结构合理。第一自然段描述蚕的成长过程，第二自然段描述丝绸的制造过程，第三自然段总结概括。每个自然段内部又按照图表中的顺序进行描述。不过说实话，流程图中只要大家不要自己随意发挥，按照图表顺序来，逻辑结构上就没有什么大问题。
2. 文章的连接主要依靠各种各样表示顺序的词汇，而这也是流程图考察的重点。具体内容请参考下面的“高分词汇短语总结”板块。
Lexical Resource
文章用词丰富。除了图标中给出的词汇之外，还使用了诸如feed on, last, emerge等十分生动形象单词。
Grammatical Range
语法结构方面，文章只有三个从句，剩下的全部都是简单句。但相邻两句的结构并没有相同的地方。还是我们之前说过的，雅思写作语法方面评分的关键不在于句子的复杂程度，而在于多样性。
Most senior citizens retire or no longer work full-time. They usually live in their own houses not far from their children's, while the children of a few senior citizens have gone abroad and work or study far beyond the oceans. For certain senior citizens, tile years after retirement are not very enjoyable. First, they feel that their lives lose meaning for being at home all day. In addition, they may feel lonely, especially those without children around. Moreover, they become more concerned with their health, as they grow older, and worry a lot about their safety. At the same time, many senior citizens enjoy their lives. They feel free to do things they were not able to do when they were working and raising their families. They spend their time travelling, doing exercises or watching TV. They get together with their fellow members who have the common interests and equal free time.
大多数的老人退休或不再做全职工作。他们通常住在离自己孩子的房子不远的房子里面，但是一些老人的'孩子们已出国学习或者工作。一些老人，退休后的日子并不是很愉快。首先，因为整天待在家里让他们觉得自己的生活失去了意义。此外，他们会感到孤独，特别是那些孩子不在身边的。再者，随着他们年龄的增长，他们更关心自己的健康，并且很担心自己的安全。同时，很多老年人也很享受他们的生活。他们有空做一些在他们工作或者养家的时候不能做的事情。他们旅行，运动和看电视。让他们与其他有着共同兴趣和相同时间的成员在一起。
In fact, there are some still continuing their work, not just for money, but to show their value. However, no one really wants to be old, and perhaps all like to be young forever.
事实上，有一些还是继续他们的工作，不只是为了钱，更是要证明自己的价值。然而，没有人真的想变老，或许大家都想永远年轻。
TEST 1
WRITING TASK 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The charts below show the average percentages in typical meals of three types of nutrients, all of which may be unhealthy if eaten too much.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
【答案解析】
这是一道静态多饼图题，分析美国日常饮食(一日三餐和零食)中钠、饱和脂肪和糖类的含量占比。多图题的分析原则是尽量一张图写完再写另外一张，不要来回跳着写，尤其是对于这种彼此之间没有明确关联的静态多图题而言，写作的过程中保证思路的清晰和逻辑的一致是最重要的。单张饼图按照占比从大到小或从小到大进行描述。题干中没有明确时间的话，整体时态采用一般现在时即可。
【参考答案】
The three pie charts demonstrate average proportions of sodium, saturated fats and added sugars in typical meals eaten in the USA. Breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks are involved in investigated meals.
As for the absorption of sodium, nearly half of sodium is taken in dinner (43%), which is 14% larger than the share of sodium consumed in lunch. Breakfast and snacks both contain 14% of the sodium, half of the share of sodium in lunch.
In terms of saturated fat, the share of it in dinner still ranks the first at 37%, followed by the figure in lunch at 26%. There is 21% of saturated fat in snacks, 5% larger than the figure in breakfast.
For added sugar, its percentage in snacks is the largest at 42%, quite close to the share of sodium in dinner. The share of added sugar in dinner is 19% less than that in snacks, which is the same to the figure of sugar in lunch. Only 16% of added sugar can be found in breakfast.
In conclusion, except added sugar, dinner contains the largest proportion of sodium and saturated fat compared to other three types of meals.
卖饼人，天天的工作就是做饼，然后卖给他人。
清晨、中午、黄昏，随时随地都可以看见他的身影，在小区门口、巷子里、公交停靠站……不管刮风下雨、严寒酷暑不是见他做饼，就是见他卖饼，连休息的时间都没有，我问他：“大伯，您不累吗？”他总先给我一张热气腾腾的饼，然后回答我的问题：“要说不累是假的，只有多多做饼，才能赚钱呀！钱积少成多了，不就可以早一点实现很多愿望！”这句话不禁让我对他产生了敬意！
记得有一次，我的肚子饿得估估叫，于是我来到饼摊前买饼充饥，大伯并没有发现我的到来正在做饼，我在耐心等候间不自自主地看大伯做饼，只见他熟练地将饼包好、压好，然后把饼托在手上，弯着身子，低下头小心翼翼地把饼贴在炉灶内，炉火的温度把他的眼睛熏得眯成一条缝，灶火将他的脸映照得通红通红，额头上有密密麻麻的汗珠。这时他发现了我，开心地说：“你来啦！”“嗯，买两个饼。”说完我准备付钱竟尴尬地发现自己没有带钱，大伯笑呵呵地说：”没带钱吧！肚子饿了吧！不要紧，饼你先吃，明天付。”我看看饼咽了一口口水说：“真的？你不怕我不给您钱？”大伯笑笑说：“不怕，因为你脸上写满了诚信两字。”我接过饼，大口大口地吃起来，我觉得这次的饼特别香、特别甜！
钱，第二天就还了，但是我感觉到了大伯的善良，每当想起这件事，心里都很温暖！
开业策划
一、活动背景：
1.新店开业，没有品牌基础
2.复合式店面，烘焙、裱花、简餐、茶座
3.地址处在地级市二类商圈内
4.店铺面积较大，门头宽，预期销售额xxxx元----xxxx元/天
市场背景：
1.消费者消费能力一般
2.商圈内没有类似的复合店
3.其它烘焙连锁店情况不明
二、活动目的：
1、建立###在消费者心中的品牌形象；
2、帮助消费者快速接受复合式店面，让消费者快速了解所有的服务内容；
3、拉升业绩到一定水平，检验整体产能、管理、服务水平和漏洞
4、了解消费者偏好和消费习惯，便于开店后的调整
三、活动对象：
1、中高层次收入家庭的家庭主妇、儿童、学生；
2、年轻类似白领、职员、商务人士
四、活动主题
超级美食、开业有礼（理）
###蛋糕----送给最重要的人（蛋糕和月饼的宣传广告语，可以用在包装盒上）
五、活动方式
1.宣传——品牌形象建立过程中不可替代的做法
2.现场促销——用产品与消费者直接接触，形成消费者感性认识过程，检验产品、服务、现场管理水平、反
3.会员卡或优惠券——抓住高端客户
六、活动时间和地点
20_年X月X日
截止到X月X日（持续3天）
地点：###店
七、宣传
A、横幅5——10条
一、“超级美食、开业有礼——###休闲饼店登陆新余”5条
二、“###蛋糕——送给最重要的人”3条
三、“用舌尖去阅读###的时尚魅力”2条
将“一”悬挂在新余靠近店面的主干道上；将“二”与“一” 配合悬挂2条，省一条在店堂门口周围悬挂配合悬挂1条，省一条在店堂门口周围悬挂
以上条幅提前一天悬挂，共悬挂3天，开业后1天去掉。
B、促销宣传单张20_份
至少提前2天让店面营业员在新店附近，少量派发，主要针对周围的写字楼、中高档小区、周围小店铺、学目的1：争取在周围1000米商圈内迅速传递开张信息，迅速让商圈内潜在客户，了解本店是个什么店？有人？
目的2：促销手段，让顾客接触到我们的服务和产品。
C、提前1天，在新店的橱窗上张贴主推产品海报。
D、店内顾客“万利隆问答券”彩色打印封塑50份，问卷内容自定，印刷贮备彩色回答问题用，带优惠政策
E、路演：请电声乐队或军乐队，在店铺门口上下午各两个小时的演出。
F、制作一个双层蛋糕，在下午人流量最多时，免费品尝，品尝之前要准备主持人介绍店铺、介绍产品、宣G、包下当地电视台点歌台频道每天1小时持续三天，在下午3—4点（时间选择也可以根据本频道的收视黄日人点歌，文字信息事先准备好，歌曲目录要认真选择。
H、制做200张会员卡，折扣定为88折为宜。
以上活动需要当地政府职能部门支持，所以要预先准备。
八、现场促销
1.找一款现烤产品：蛋挞或者肉松沙律包最合适，作较大力度促销，作POP推广海报，牺牲这个产品的较大进店，提升人气。
2.促销宣传单张的使用和回收
3.答题卷的发放和使用回收
4.茶水饮料部分的折扣促销
5.会员卡发放
前期准备：
1)路演人员寻找签合同3天前预约好，横幅、路演职能部门审批提前2周操作。
2)印刷品提前10天准备，开业前3天全部到位
3)提前4天确定产品出样，3天开始小批量试制产品，测试设备、准备物料模具；提前2天开始制作产品，是正常每天销售量的3倍。现场制作产品要囤积5天的原料。
4)提前两天或三天对促销活动和服务常识、服务流程、礼仪、收银培训；
5)提前3天采购部采购大量的拉花、气球、小饰物等小物件装饰店面；
6)店面的收银员、工人、裱花师提前3天培训，店长要做好突发事件的准备；
7)提前1天店长全权负责协助各岗位上的员工把新店开张应准备的物品全都准备好，在开张期间不得出现物
8)提前1天卫生全面清理，有店长负责；
9)裱花工与生产工人必须熟悉现场操作，技术熟练。并且严格遵守现场卫生管理制度；
10) 开业时间最好定在星期五
九、中期操作
开业前准备：
一、开业前2天，
1、营业员散发宣传促销单张
2、开始卫生扫除工作，物品准备清点完毕
3、内部装饰件悬挂摆放完毕
4、裱花、现烤、收银、服务员培训
二、开业前1天
1、卫生扫除
2、继续发宣传单张
3、张贴海报、悬挂横幅
4、布置展柜内样品
5、开始上货：冻点、吐司、酥点、中点、盒装礼品等
6、确认路演人员到位情况、确认电台点歌
7、确认物料准备情况
8、准备制作现场品尝用大蛋糕
三、开业当天
1.人员安排好定点定岗
2.店长内外协调
3.发放会员卡
突发事件的发生与处理：
现场突然出现物品短缺；
顾客误解促销活动内容；
顾客的投诉；
现烤产品的质量问题；
现烤产品供应不足；
现场秩序的维护；
销售高峰期店面顾客过多，顾客、店面财务的安全问题以上问题均有店长负责处理
饼店开业促销活动方案一重礼：免费派发试吃1、烘焙店前摆放大看板（或易拉宝），店门用气球做拱门，门店半径500m商圈分赠免费品尝产品1000个（小蛋挞、小面包、小包装蔓越莓饼干或曲奇......
某饼店开业企划、营销方案营销目标:1.开幕SP期间日业绩目标15000元/日，SP期后为¥5000元/日；2.树立某饼店品牌在惠州的的品牌形象与气势,超越竞争对手，建立惠州饼店第一品牌；3.......
饼店如何促销20_-11-19 16:36:50|分类： 关于森派知识 |标签： |字号大中小 订阅 .在浓浓节日气氛的春节里，每当走进饼店、商场、超市，到处都会看到如火如荼的春节年货促销活动。......
活动方案拟采用闽南“博饼”的方式，活跃气氛，具体方案如下： 特等奖：1个（购物卡）全部人，每桌再重新转一次，每桌最大的（6个）出来，来抽这个奖。（以下面规则为准，谁大谁得奖） 一等奖：状元 3个（购......
烘焙饼店管理资料一、烘焙饼店管理的重要性专卖店是烘焙工厂建立企业形象、品牌形象的有利场所，是直接的利润与信息来源，是与消费者沟通的平台。二、直营烘焙饼店管理目标和策......
The pie charts below show how dangerous waste products are dealt with in three countries.
雅思小作文范文：
The charts compare Korea, Sweden and the UK in terms of the methods used in each country to dispose of harmful waste.
It is clear that in both the UK and Sweden, the majority of dangerous waste products are buried underground. By contrast, most hazardous materials in the Republic of Korea are recycled.
Looking at the information in more detail, we can see that 82% of the UK’s dangerous waste is put into landfill sites. This disposal technique is used for 55% of the harmful waste in Sweden and only 22% of similar waste in Korea. The latter country recycles 69% of hazardous materials, which is far more than the other two nations.
While 25% of Sweden's dangerous waste is recycled, the UK does not recycle at all. Instead, it dumps waste at sea or treats it chemically. These two methods are not employed in Korea or Sweden, which favour incineration for 9% and 20% of dangerous waste respectively.(159)
简单说来，流程图的写作，就是看懂图形并用图中的词造句。这幅图中标注了大量的名词和动词，基础不够好的考鸭，在造句的时候会出现大量的名词单复数和动词词形错误。所以，首先，考鸭必须判断出图中的名词是否可数（是否有复数，复数是否可以加-s）。1. 图中器具类(crusher, mixer, rotating heater, grinder, bags)都是可数名词。0) I like apple.（误，可数名词不能单独出现）1) I like the apple.（正，the apple指苹果这一类事物）2) I like apples.（正）3) I like the apples.（正）4) I like an apple.（正）2. 图中材料类(limestone, clay, power, cement, water, sand, gravel)都是不可数名词（加了-s都是错的）。第二，应该判断词性是否可变。crusher–>crushmixer–>mixheater–>heatgrinder–>grind（都是名词变成动词；没有这些动词，作文无法写）时态通常情况下，流程图都是用一般现在时来写（注意be动词应该用is还是are，注意实意动词是否应该加-s）范文：The first flow chat shows how cement is produced and what materials and equipment are required in the production of cement can be divided into 4 steps and limestone and clay are the raw materials required. They are first crushed into powder by two crushers. The powder is mixed in a mixer before being heated in a cylindrical rotating heater. What comes out of the heater is then ground into the desired cement, which is later packaged in individual second chart illustrates that cement can be used to produce concrete and that the concrete-producing process is much simpler than that of cement alone. The procedure consists only of combining cement, sand, gravel and water in a concrete mixer, and the proportions of each ingredient need to be 152550nd though concrete is an essential ingredient in the production of cement, concrete mainly consists of gravel.
雅思流程图作文的被动词汇be sent to 被送到 be transported to 被运送到 be delivered to 被输送到 be transferred to 被转移至 be heated on/in 在…上被加热 be extracted from 从…萃取 be refined from 从….提炼 be degraded to/from 降级为… be evaporated 被蒸发 be incinerated 被焚烧为 be broken down 被分解为 be oxidated 被氧化为 be deforested 被荒漠化 be released to 被释放到 be burned by 被燃烧 be mixed with 和…混合 be moulded as 被塑造成为 be processed 被加工成 be disposed of 被处理 be promoted 被提升为 be manufactured 被制作/制造 be generated 被产生/制造 be grilled 被烧烤 be smoked 被烟熏 be exposed 被暴露 be restored 被恢复ps我也是烤鸭，也是超级害怕碰到流程图和地图
The pie charts compare visitors’ responses to a survey about customer service at the Parkway Hotel in 20_ and in 20_.
It is clear that overall customer satisfaction increased considerably from 20_ to 20_. While most hotel guests rated customer service as satisfactory or poor in 20_, a clear majority described the hotel’s service as good or excellent in 20_.
Looking at the positive responses first, in 20_ only 5% of the hotel’s visitors rated its customer service as excellent, but this figure rose to 28% in 20_. Furthermore, while only 14% of guests described customer service in the hotel as good in 20_, almost three times as many people gave this rating five years later.
With regard to negative feedback, the proportion of guests who considered the hotel’s customer service to be poor fell from 21% in 20_ to only 12% in 20_. Similarly, the proportion of people who thought customer service was very poor dropped from 15% to only 4% over the 5-year period. Finally, a fall in the number of ‘satisfactory’ ratings in 20_ reflects the fact that more people gave positive responses to the survey in that year.
第一，适当的复述一下原题，然后再表达自己的立场和观点
“So long as no laws are broken， there is nothing unethical about doing whatever you need to do to promote existing products or to create new products.”
The speaker asserts that in creating and marketing products， companies act ethically merely by not violating any laws. Although the speaker’s position is not wholly insupportable， far more compelling arguments can be made for holding businesses to higher ethical standards than those required by the letter of the law.
第二，适当的复述一下原题，然后只出话题内容的复杂性，再来表达自己的立场和观点
Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society’s past， but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes.
The issue of whether to raze an old， historic building to make way for progress is a complex one， since it involves a conflict between our interest in preserving our culture， tradition， and history and a legitimate need to create practical facilities that serve current utilitarian purposes. In my view， the final judgment should depend on a case-by-case analysis of two key factors.
第三，适当的复述一下原题，然后指明题目中隐藏的假设条件，再表明自己的立场和观点
“Clearly， government has a responsibility to support the arts. However， if that support is going to produce anything of value， government must place no restrictions on the art that is produced.”
The speaker here argues that government must support the arts but at the same time impose no control over what art is produced. The implicit rationale for government intervention in the arts is that， without it， cultural decline and erosion of our social fabric will result. However， I find no empirical evidence to support this argument， which in any event is unconvincing in light of more persuasive arguments that government should play no part in either supporting or restricting the arts.
第四，适当的复述一下原题，稍作让步，再表达自己的立场和观点
“Work greatly influences people’s personal lives—their special interests， their leisure activities， even their appearance way from the work place.”
The speaker claims that our jobs greatly influence our personal interests， recreational activities and even appearance. While I agree that the personal lives of some people are largely determined by their work， in my view it would be a mistake to draw this conclusion generally. In my observation， the extent to which occupation influences personal life depends on the nature of the work， and how central the work is to one’s sense of self.
“We shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape us.”
I believe this statement should be interpreted broadly—to mean that we are influenced by the exterior shape of buildings， as well as by the arrangement of multiple buildings and by a building’s various architectural and aesthetic elements. While I doubt that buildings determine our character or basic personality traits， I agree that they can greatly influence our attitudes， moods， and even life styles.
一、表达倍数、分数的句型
柱状图的基本特征就是，在适当的地方作比较。
大家别忘了，剑桥雅思官方对小作文的题目要求是：Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.（在有关联的数据之间作比较）
数据之间的比较，指的就是倍数、分数、相等这三种关系。所以，我们需要掌握各种比较关系的表达，小轩总结了三种最实用、最经典的句型：
比如分别用这三种句型来描述下面的图：
句型一：The amount of CO2 emitted from cars in 1999 was three times more than that in 20_. （没错，这是“A是B的3倍”的意思，不是4倍！）
句型二：In 1999, cars produced three times more CO2 than (they did) in 20_.
句型三：There was three times more CO2 emitted by cars in 1999 than in 20_.
再来一个例子：
句型一：In 20_, the average amount of time spent on watching TV on a daily basis by adults in US was ten minutes higher than that by children.
句型二：In 20_, adults in US spent ten minutes more on watching TV every day on average than children (did).
句型三：In 20_, there were ten minutes more time spent on watching TV every day on average by adults in US than by children.
二、柱状图的分类和写作方法
雅思考试里的柱状图可以分为两大类，在拿到题目时就要决定是属于哪一类，因为不同的分类，写作的思路会完全不一样。
>> 第一类：有时间推移的，通常是横轴上数据表示时间。
对于这种类型的柱状图，把它转化为线形图，按照时间的先后顺序来写，一般是从左到右，因为存在时间推移是线形图的首要特征。（线形图的写作步骤请移步到Part 1：线形图）
比如下面的例子：
横轴上表示的是年份，总共有male和female两个元素，我们应该把这图看作是有两条线的线形图，一条线写一个主体段，总共两个主体段。
再如：
横轴上标示的也是年份，但这个图有三元素：Games software, DVD/video, CDs，我们把这图转化为线形图后，可以就每一个元素写一个主体段。
又因为留意到DVD/video和Games software的趋势都是升高的，所以我们也可以把这两个元素合并在一个主体段，另外CDs单独一个主体段，所以总共写两个主体段。
>> 第二类：不存在时间推移的，按照同一分类标准，写内部的各种元素，而各元素又按照数值从大到小的顺序写。
听起来好像很抽象，小轩用一个例题来解释：
我们看到图里有两种分类方式，分别是三个国家（Japan, Brazil, India）和三种行业（agriculture, industry, service sector）。我们在开始写之前，首先要决定好用的是什么分类标准。
就这道题来说，要么以三个国家为线索，分别写每个国家里三种行业工作的人数；要么以三个行业为线索，分别写每个行业里三个国家分别的劳动人数。这是最清晰、最有规律的，而且是最容易掌握的写法！
小轩在课上时常听到烤鸭们争吵柱状图究竟应该按照什么标准来分类，有的老师说应该按照国家分，有的范文又说应该按照行业来分。
其实，因为分类标准不一样，所以写出来的文章结构会不一样，但都是正确的写法！
如果细心观察这图，会发现存在一些倍数和相等的数据，比如，在日本从事服务业的人数是工业的两倍，在巴西从事农业和工业的人数相等，在印度从事农业的远比工业和农业的多，这些都是特征数据，应该在写作时有意突出。
根据这些特征，以三个国家为线索先写一个中文的提纲：
根据这个中文提纲，就可以很简单地写出全部主体段了：
雅思小作文图表题的分析技巧
柱状图：“比较”(找出similarity)和“对比”(找出difference)，是写作的关键，既要横向总结所有柱状图表的共性特征，也要分别描写各个柱子的个性特征。
饼图：是所有图表题中最好写的一种，值得注意的是要处理好怎样丰富百分比的表达和“占”的表达。不要一直用数字加百分比的格式，如25%。特定的数字可以采取多样性的表达，如25%=a quarter of, 50%=half of, >50%=a,or the majority of。
曲线图：关键是把握好曲线的走向和趋势，学会general classification,即在第二段的开头部分对整个曲线进行一个阶段式的总分类，使写作层次清晰。接下来在分类描述每个阶段的specific trend,同时导入数据作为你分类的依据。注意不要不做任何说明就机械性的导入数据!可以使用一些比较native的单词和短语来描述trend。
表格题：考察例举数字的能力和方法。注意怎样通过举一些有代表性的数据来有效地说明问题。
流程图：注意流程图里的“因果关系”或每一流程的“承前启后”关系;表达每一流程的主体内容，阐明这种关系;揭示其内在联系或规律;最后，给予简要归纳和总结。
On Arbor Day, particular attention is drawn to the part trees play in our lives. It's not just a day to plant trees and then forget the gesture for another twelve months.
Planting a tree one day is no credit to us if, during the rest of the year, we neglect to care for it and those already growing. Our thought on Arbor Day should be an expression of enduring feeling, thought and action and not just one single, isolated flame of interest.
In schools and other community groups, this day can be celebrated in many different ways.
By planting trees or shrubs in school grounds, along neighbouring streets or in civic parks.
By 'adopting' a patch of bush, with the landowner's consent, and caring for it by removal of weeds, rubbish, etc, by preparing firebreaks and by fencing and making paths to reduce trampling.
By presenting a play or mime about trees in the history of Australia.
By completing a project about certain types of trees (eg. jarrah, boab, karri) or a famous tree like the Gloucester Tree near Pemberton.
As a class activity or common interest group go on a visit to a bush area with a spokesperson to explain the characteristics of plant species and their niche in the natural environment.
Collect some tree seeds, germinate them in a classroom, and plant out the seedling.
Carry out identification of trees in a specific part of your school or neighbourhood. A tree labelling ceremony could also be arranged.
Compile a list of everyday objects that are made of wood or wood-based materials, and find out how the wood was processed, where it came from and whatever else you can.
Trees and shrubs, whether native or introduced to WA, provide opportunities for the interest and study by the whole community, and when we walk around our own neighbourhood or drive through the countryside, we can appreciate the importance of such a diversity of plants to the well being of humanity.
The advancement of modern technology is making peoples life more comfortable and at the same time less human. To those who enjoy the benefits of technology, there is no better time to be alive than now, but to others life has been increasingly complex and stressful. The issue is whether such new technological machines as computers and the Internet would be our servants forever or eventually could become our masters.
All kinds of inventions made possible by technology are designed to be the slaves of human beings, if human beings are not to be slaved by machines. Once upon a time, we were plain people, but that was before we began having relationships with technological systems. By getting involved with computerized machines, we could not help changing the way we live and the way we work, for better or for worse It can be realized that life is more complex because much of modern technology is not born to meet primary human needs, and many unnecessary inventions are producing negative effects on a living style that used to be relatively simple. Thus, there is an overwhelming feeling of complexity in the sense that machines act like humans and humans act like machines. Now that intelligent machines such as robots are widely applied to take the place of human beings because they are capable of doing many useful jobs, although making many people joblesss. Those who cannot work with computers are disadvantaged and therefore helpless while the traditional skills and simple ways of life are fading away, never to return again.
As a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities, and those at the top are paid huge salaries. Just like movie stars, they live with huge houses and cars.
Many people find their rewards unfair, especially when comparing these super salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists, or even leading politicians who have the responsibilityof governing the country. However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds. Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the level of public support that successful stars can generate. So the notion of ‘fairness’ is not the issue.
Those who feel that sports stars’ salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful. Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform. in their relatively short career. The pressure from the media is intense and there is little privacy out of the spotlight. So all of thesefactors may justify the huge earnings.
Personally, I think that the amount of money such sports stars make is more justified than the huge earnings of movie stars, but at the same time, it indicatesthat our society places more value on sport than on more essential professions and achievements.
译文
在媒体不断地推波助澜下，我国的许多职业运动员已成为了明星和名人。那些顶尖的运动员收入颇丰。像一些电影明星一样，他(她)们也是香车豪宅，生活极为奢华。
许多人觉得与那些挣高薪的顶级外科医生，从事研究的科学家或有管理国家责任的高官相比，他(她)们的回报极为不公。然而，运动员的薪水并不是由一个人对社会所做出的贡献或者其责任水平所决定。相反，它们反映的是从整体上来说体育运动在大众中的普及性以及那些成功的体育明星对促进公众对运动的支持所做出的贡献。所以，“公平”的概念并不是问题关键之所在。
那些认为体育明星拿高薪无可厚非的人争辩说那些有天赋的体育运动员实属凤毛麟角，高薪是对他(她)们娴熟技能和通往成功之路所付出努力的承认。竞争持续不断，运动员在他(她)们相对较短的运动生涯中迎接每次检验。来自于媒体的压力令人窒息，而且他(她)们必须生活在镁光灯下，没有隐私。这一切都证明了他(她)们高薪得之无愧。
在我个人看来，比起电影明星的高薪，体育明星的高薪更受之无愧。但与此同时，该现象也显得出我们的社会更关注体育而非其它一些更重要的领域和成就。
当一切调查和分析工作结束之后，必须将这些工作成果展示给客户。那么，我们首先需要明确的是：报告应采取什么样的结构体系？什么样的方式来表达数据的涵义？
报告的结构体系应包括，调研目的、调研方法、调研范围以及数据分析在内的一系列内容。这种体系基本上在每个同类型的报告中都适用，因此，此处不做更详细的说明，以下内容主要针对数据分析结论的表现方法。
关于数据分析的部分，通常情况下是采用图表表示的。图表是最行之有效的表现手法，它能非常直观的将研究成果表示出来。在将调研的分析结果变成令人信服的图表之前，首先要谨记，它只是一种传递和表达信息的工具，使用它的重要原则是xxx简单、直接、清晰、明了xxx。每个图表只包含一个信息，图表越复杂，传递信息的效果就越差。
在实际操作中，各种表格、组织图表、流动图表、矩阵等都被大量的运用到报告中，但总的来说，以下几种图表形式是最常用的：柱状图表、条形图表、饼形图表、线形图表。
使用图表的目的在于：将复杂的数据变成简单科、清晰的图表，让人能够一目了然的了解数据所表达的涵义。那么，如何选择不同类型的图表来表现不同类型的数据？首先，我们应先明确数据所表达的主题，然后确定可能使用的图表类型。
通常我们的研究数据所体现的关系是：频率分布、成分、时间序列、项类或相关性。要表达一个主题明确的数据，可能会有多种图表形式。但是，哪种是最能将数据表达清楚的呢？这就要求我们的主题（即图表标题）突出重点，点明主题。让我们来看一个例子，这个例子能将以上的意思，表达的非常明确。
这里的标题描述了图表的内容范围，大多数读者在看了这个图表后，都会把注意力集中到城西，认为图表的主题是xxx城西是绝大多数的消费者可能选择的区域xxx。但是，制图者可能是想表达xxx选择城北和城东的消费者较少，但随着城市建设的进行，将具有较大的发展潜力xxx。为了使读者将注意力集中在我们希望他注意的数据上，所以，我们可以在一般标题后附加一个重点标题：城北和城东将有更大的发展潜力。
既然已经确定了要表达的重点，那么接下来就是要明确数据间的相互关系，若是表示占频率分布、对比等关系，则除线形图表以外的其它几种基本图表格式都可以使用；在实际工作中可根据具体需要进行选择。总之，条形图表应该是应用最广的类型，而柱状图表是用得最多的另一种类型，这两种图表基本占整个报告中图表总数的半数左右；而线形图表和饼形图表的使用则应相对减少，更多的是将各种综合运用，如线形图表加上柱状图表，或饼形图表加上条形图表。
在用图表表达数据的同时，还要注意一些细节的处理。比如：使用柱状图表和条形图表时，柱体之间的距离应小于柱体本身；在说明文字较多时，用条形图表表示更清晰，便于读者辨认；在使用饼形图表时，应在标明数据的同时，突出数据的标识。即：同时使用数值与数据标识。
在我们进行过程中，请记住：选择和使用图表不是一个绝对精确的科学，所以你会注意到一些比较自由的限定词，如：总的来说、大多数情况、绝大多数、少数情况等等。所有这些都说明必须根据你的判断来怎样设计出最好的图表。另外，要完成一份合格的报告不能只是单纯的使用图形，还应根据实际情况尽可能的使用一些表格来丰富整个报告形式，使其不致太过单一。
一份合格而优秀的报告，应该有非常明确、清晰的构架，简洁、清晰的数据分析结果，其中的含义是需要在实际工作过程中去体会，自己加以总结。一份合格的报告不应该仅仅是简单的看图说话，还应该结合项目本身特性及项目所处大环境对数据表现出的现象进行一定的分析和判断，当然一定要保持中立的态度，不要加入自己的主观意见。另外，通常的市场调研报告都会有一个固定的模式，我们应该根据不同项目的不同需要，对报告的形式、风格加以调整，使市场调研报告能够有更丰富的内涵。
With the development of cities, more and more new buildings are appearing in the city. Some people claim that the government should ensure all the new buildings should be built in traditional styles. For me, I do not agree with this suggestion.
Undoubtedly, the old buildings can reflect our traditional culture and should be protected and built. They are the houses where the ancient people lived. By appreciating these old buildings, we can have a better understanding of our ancient culture and history.
However, I do not agree that all the new buildings should be built in traditional styles. First of all, a city’s culture identity consists of the past culture and the modern culture. While past culture can be represented by the traditional buildings, modern culture should be reflected by modern buildings. If all the new buildings are built in traditional styles, the modern culture may be lost in the city. Secondly, the style of the new building should be decided by a lot of factors such as location, function, and so on. For instance, it is impossible for us to build a modern shopping mall into traditional style, because there are a lot of famous brands inside. Thirdly, modern buildings can accommodate more people than traditional buildings, which can meet the increasing population.
Therefore, I agree that we should build some old buildings, but we should not build all the buildings into traditional styles. We should consider a lot of aspects before we make the final decision.
The charts compare Korea, Sweden and the UK in terms of the methods used in each country to dispose of harmful waste.
It is clear that in both the UK and Sweden, the majority of dangerous waste products are buried underground. By contrast, most hazardous materials in the Republic of Korea are recycled.
Looking at the information in more detail, we can see that 82% of the UK’s dangerous waste is put into landfill sites. This disposal technique is used for 55% of the harmful waste in Sweden and only 22% of similar waste in Korea. The latter country recycles 69% of hazardous materials, which is far more than the other two nations.
While 25% of Sweden's dangerous waste is recycled, the UK does not recycle at all. Instead, it dumps waste at sea or treats it chemically. These two methods are not employed in Korea or Sweden, which favour incineration for 9% and 20% of dangerous waste respectively.
Dolphin is my favourite animal. It is one of the most precious animals. Their bodies are very long, about one zhang. Dolphins live in the sea. They live on fish, shrimps and so on. Dolphins are very friendly and peaceful. They never attack people. Instead, they have saved many people in danger in the past years. How helpful the dolphins are! Dolphins are very clever. People often train them so that they can give a dolphin show which brings people a lot of happiness and joy. Unluckily, the number of dolphins is getting smaller and smaller. Because of water pollution, there is less and less space for dolphins. Many people make money by hunting dolphins. If we don’t protect them, maybe we’ll lose our good friends one day. As a student, I hope more and more people should take actions to protect dolphins.
It is true that our tiny individual actions often seem to the scale and complexity of global environmental problems such as pollution, deforestation and depletion of natural resources. But that does not relieve our duty as individuals to do as much as we can to deal with these problems.
Individual actions, small as they may be, can sometimes prove more effective than we realize. We can avoid driving the car, and take public transit, walk, or bicycle instead. This will reduce the use of fossil fuels and cut pollution. Saving energy at home, like turning on the air conditioner only when we have to, or turning water heater down a few degrees, is also ultimately good for the environment. Individual actions can also turn into united powers when, for example, the whole neighborhood is mobilized to participate in a local campaignto oppose environmentally damaging policies.
There are, however, obstacles that stand in the way of individual action towards environmental conservation. The first obstacle is the lack of professional knowledge needed to cope with serious environmental issues like soil erosion and salinity, which requires a significant amount of investigation and research. Another obstacle which makes individual action almost impossible is when an environmental emergency or accident happens, . an oil spill or a nuclear leakage near the border line, which would engagement or even international coordination.
So, in conclusion, when it comes to environmental problems, individual actions are indispensable in the problem solving process. But the most pressing and complicatedproblems go far beyond an individual’s capability and so require the concerted effort of the government as well as the global community.
The argument correctly states the importance of the governments and large businesses but underestimates the significance of individual human beings in the campaign against environmental problems.
Governments and large businessesplay positive rolesinmaking the earth healthierby reducing the amount of pollutants which humans put into the ocean, sea, river, lake,and atmosphere. The main functions of governments in this campaign are in the field of policy making and legislation. To make policy is to scientifically, effectively, and efficiently organize people, resources, and funds to improve the environments. In this glorious activity launched by man against nature businesses provide financial support in the form of donation and the like. P&G, HP, and IBM all contribute much annually in this concern.
While emphasizing the crucial functions of the governments and businesses, we should not be distracted from the vital roles every individual human being plays in this great and glorious global project. Children, adults, and the eld
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